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2017

АВОК 8\2017

BIM in Russia: Perspectives and Areas of Development
Keywords: BIM, building information model, design
"Action plan for ensuring readiness of the Complex of City Planning Policy and Construction of the City of Moscow for the use of capital construction facilities information modeling technology" was approved in Moscow in October of this year. The plan calls for full-scale preparation for the use of BIM-technology by the Complex of City Planning Policy and Construction of the City of Moscow by 2019. This document extends and supplements the provisions of the Road Map of the Ministry of Construction of Russia approved for testing of implementation of BIM technologies at the federal level.
The magazine's editorial staff has addressed several questions to the experts from the construction industry to clarify the perspectives of implementation of information modeling system in our country.

Construction Rules SP "High-rise Buildings and Complexes. Fire Safety Requirements"
B. B. Kolchev, Deputy Head of the Department of Fire Resistance of Building Constructions and Engineering Utilities of Buildings and Structures FSBI VNIIPO MES of Russia
Keywords: fire safety, code of rules, high-rise building, ventilation equipment, valve, smoke zone, smoke layer, exhaust smoke ventilation, supply smoke ventilation, air duct
Construction Rules SP "High-rise Buildings and Complexes. Fire Safety Requirements" are currently being developed. Objectives of this Code of Rules - to take into account specifics of high-rise development objects. The work is being done under the authority of the Ministry of Construction with participation of VNIIPO of MES of Russia. The Institute holds a certain principal position on filling in of this document, which is already laid down in the form of proposals and recommendations. The article presents the main, most interesting proposals for Section 7 "Requirements for engineering systems and fire protection systems".

Specifics of Design of Water Heating System with In-floor Convectors
A. Puhkal, Candidate of Engineering, Saint Petersburg Architecture and Construction University
Keywords: water heating, in-floor convector, modeling, distribution of velocity and temperature fields, coefficient of increase in heat losses
Right selection of in-floor convector during design of water-based heating systems requires calculations of protection of serviced space from cold air flows. The first part of the article presented methods and an example of such calculation. In this issue we offer our readers the final results of calculations for the example conditions.

ISO 16890: New Standard for Coarse and Fine Filters
Keywords: air filter, dust, air purification, classification of filters
ISO 16890 "Air filters for general purpose air conditioning systems" is a new European standard aimed at research of fine dust. In contains complex and very detailed test procedures for determination of the most important limiting values for air filters. After expiration of 18 months transitional period, in the middle of 2018, ISO 16890 will replace the previous standard – EN 779 "General purpose air filters".

Heat Supply of Low Apartment Buildings from Condensation Boilers
P. A. Havanov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Scientific Research Institution "Moscow State Construction University"
A. S. Chulenyov, Assistant, Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering, Scientific Research Institution "Moscow State Construction University"
Keywords: fuel, condensation boiler, individual apartment heat supply
The article looks into organization of autonomous heat supply systems using condensation boilers. It covers the heat-mechanic aspects of organization of rational and efficient thermal and hydraulic modes of their operation. The article includes an analysis of the specifics of arrangement of smoke removal systems and development of heat balance diagrams for condensation boilers.

Condensation Boilers in Residential Development in Russian Conditions
Keywords: condensation boiler, COP, energy efficiency, energy resources
Condensation boilers use the condensation heat of water vapors from combustion products. Such boilers are principally more expensive than the usual ones. In light of the current high cost of fuel in Europe, condensation boilers are quite acceptable from the energy efficiency perspective. Under the conditions of our country with the current cost of fuel resources the payback period of condensation boilers exceeds 10–15 years. The magazine has invited industry experts – representatives of manufacturers of boiler equipment, to share their opinion on the perspectives of use of condensation boilers in residential construction in Russia.

Development and Manufacturing of Several Types of Import Substituting Industrial Fans
S. V. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering, OOO Air-G
V. G. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering, LLC "Air-G"
Keywords: industrial fan, radial impeller, axial impeller, fan performance factor, aerodynamic characteristic
There are many foreign-manufactured fans in the national market. Therefore the objective of creating own fan models that are able to compete with the foreign ones is relevant and promising. The result of its achievement became development of modern radial and axial impellers that became the base of highly efficient radial and axial fans of different aerodynamic designs for practical applications.

Role of Facade Systems in the Fight for Energy Efficiency
E. M. Generalova, Candidate of Architecture, Professor of the Department of Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings, Federal State Budget Educational Institution "Samara State Technical University"
Keywords: energy efficiency, bio-climatic architecture, facade systems, renewable energy sources
The article raises relevant issues related to creation of basis in Russia for promotion of energy conservation and improvement of energy efficiency. The research methodology is based on system analysis of advanced global experience in construction of innovative climate-adaptive buildings. The article offers a characteristic of the main principles of bio-climatic architecture. It goes through the questions of optimization of the building form and application of high-tech facade systems together with implementation of renewable energy sources.

On the Need to Adjust Construction Rules SP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal Protection of Buildings"
A. G. Perehozhentsev, Doctor of Engineering, Professor of the Department of Architecture of Buildings and Structures, Volgograd State Technical University, Institute of Architecture and Construction
Keywords: thermal protection of buildings, thermal comfort, building envelope, regulatory requirements
The article presents critical analysis of SP 50-13330–2012 "Thermal Protection of Buildings" and proposals on adjustment of norms.

XXXIV Moscow City Forum and Exhibition "Moscow – Energy Efficient City"
Keywords: forum, exhibition, ABOK
XXXIV Moscow City Forum and Exhibition "Moscow – Energy Efficient City" took place on 1–3 November, The main objective of which became discussion of the methods of optimization of functions of the engineering infrastructure of the housing and utilities complex of Moscow as a large metropolis based on implementation of smart technologies in order to improve the quality of living environment of the residents with economic consumption of energy and water resources and protection of the environment from pollution.

Specifics of Creation of Micro Climate in Underground Facilities in Cryotic Soils
V. P. Korovkin, Norilsk Industrial Institute;
L. A. Belkina, PO Norilskenergo, GMK Norilsk Nickel
Keywords: underground structure, cryotic soil, micro climate parameters, thermophysical properties of soil
Construction of underground buildings and structures has its own specifics, and the complexity increases when a facility is built in cryotic soils. This is due to specific properties of cryotic soils which should be taken into consideration during the design of industrial and civil structures.

АВОК 7\2017

Smart Engineering Technologies of Moscow – Energy Efficient City
Yu. A. Tabunschikov, President of NP ABOK
Keywords: ABOK, forum, exhibition
XXXIV Forum and Exhibition "Moscow – Energy Efficient City" will take place on 1st through 3rd of November, 2017. Over the years of its history the Forum became the biggest site for discussion and interaction between the society, business and authorities. The main objective of Moscow - Energy Efficient City Forum is discussion of the methods of optimization of functions of the engineering infrastructure of the housing and utilities complex of Moscow as a large metropolis based on implementation of smart technologies in order to improve the quality of living environment of the residents with economic consumption of energy and water resources and protection of the environment from pollution.

On Declaration of Conformity of Thermal Insulation Materials
Keywords: thermal insulation materials, certification, declaration of conformity, market, mineral insulation
Resolution of the Government dated 17 June 2017 No. 717 "On amendment of the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 1 December 2009 No. 982" applies to the thermal insulation materials market. Editorial staff has invited experts to participate in discussion of the conformity declaration process and its impact on the thermal insulation materials market of RF.

People First!
Keywords: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, policy, net zero energy buildings, nZEB, standardisation, ventilation, heating, cooling
During the Summer ASHRAE Conference in June 2017 in California B. W. Olesen was officially elected the President of ASHRAE. Atze Boerstra, Doctor of Science, Vice-President of REHVA, Managing Director of BBA Indoor Environmental Consultancy has interviewed Professor Olesen for REHVA magazine.

Specifics of Design of Water Heating System with In-floor Convectors
V. A. Puhkal, Candidate of Engineering, Saint Petersburg Architecture and Construction University
Keywords: water heating, in-floor convector, modeling, distribution of velocity and temperature fields, coefficient of increase in heat losses
Water heating systems in residential, public and administrative buildings, including children's facilities, individual houses and offices, widely use in-floor convectors.
Convectors are installed inside floor constructions along windows and walls of heating spaces, and are connectred to water heating systems.
The article proposes a method for calculation of water heating systems with in-floor convectors located near glazing with the length of convectors equal to the glazing length.

Calculation and Method of Organization of Air Exchange in Apartments in Residential Buildings
Keywords: air exchange, apartment, air exchange rate, supply air volume, exhaust air volume
Publication of a new edition of STO NP AVOK Standard 2.1-2017 "Residential and public buildings. Air exchange norms" is currently being planned. Provisions of this Standard are updated in accordance with the current normative documents and supplemented vy calculation methods. This material presents an example of calculation of air exchange in an apartment in residential building presented in STO NP AVOK 2.1-2017.

Certification of Kazan Arena Football Stadium in Green Construction Standards. Mandatory Requirements. Part 2

N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: rating system, reduction of water use, water metering, energy metering, utilization of construction waste
This article completes the cycle of publications dedicated to the criteria of certification system "RUSO. Football Stadiums", which are mandatory and which harmonize the national system of certification with international systems LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, etc.

3D Printing for HVAC Systems
Ziya Haktan Karadeniz, Dr., Assist. Prof. ?zmir Katip ?elebi University, ?i?li / ?zmir, Turkey
Macit Toksoy, Dr., General Coordinator, ENEKO A.?, ?i?li / ?zmir, Turkey
Keywords: 3D printing, 3D printer, maturity cycle, additive manufacturing
3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing, is a perspective technology for manufacturing of single-piece and small-scale production in many areas of the industry. A product is manufactured using layer-by-layer addition of material by various methods, for example: by melting-on or spraying of powder, liquid polymer, composite material, unlike the traditional manufacturing methods based on removal of the source material (for example, milling or lathing).
In addition to the medicine, in particular surgery and prosthetics, these technologies are quickly developing in machine building, aviation and space industry, and in military industry complex. Use of this technology allows for manufacturing of products of any shape with internal curved openings that are not available with other processing methods.

Climate Control System in Glasshouse with Tropical Butterflies
Ercan Agar, Director, MSc. Mech. Engineer, Arup M?hendislik ve M??avirlik, Istanbul, Turkey
Ufuk Selvi, Associate Director, MSc. Mech. Engineer, LEED AP BD+C, Arup M?hendislik ve M??avirlik, Istanbul, Turkey
Utku Ba?yazici, Associate, MSc. Mech. Engineer, BREEAM Assessor, Arup M?hendislik ve M??avirlik, Istanbul, Turkey
Keywords: climate control systems, micro climate, air duct, supply unit, air moistening
Creation and maintenance of the required micro climate in large volume spaces has its own specifics, unlike creation of micro climate in residential and public buildings. This job was tackled by designers of climate control systems in glasshouse with tropical butterflies in Konya Tropical Butterfly Garden (Konya, Turkey). The designed received LEED Silver rating, making it the first facility of such type in Turkey certified in international rating system.

Normative Requirements for Aeration and Ventilation of Apartments

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Associate Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Science, President of NP AVOK
M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture, Vice President of NP AVOK
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: apartment building, vertical aeration, horizontal aeration, ventilation, air inflow
The current practice of construction of apartment buildings is aimed at application of airtight light-transmitting envelope structures in apartments in buildings equipped with natural ventilation. Russian normative base today does not have precise requirements for ensuring comfortable conditions during the warm period of the year in apartments in buildings with natural ventilation.
However this problem is known to the specialists for a long time, and even the very first editions of regulatory documents provided specific recommendations on architecture and engineering solutions aimed at normalization of air exchange in apartment in residential buildings during the entire year.
It is interesting to see how the requirements for aeration and ventilation of apartments in Russian regulatory documents have changed in different editions using SNiP (SP) "Residential Buildings" as an example.

АВОК 6\2017

Energy Crisis – 43 Years After
Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture, President of NP ABOK
Keywords:energy crises,fuel and energy resources, regulatory document, energy efficiency
Every once in a while energy crises shake the world. The last one began in the end of 1974, but its impact on the technical progress is stronger today than it was 43 years ago. Over 90% of buildings built since 1974 were constructed in accordance with the new legislative and regulatory requirements aimed at reduction of the fuel and energy resources use. In this light it is interesting to look at the dynamics of changes in the regulatory requirements, especially in national regulatory documents.

Calculation of Annual Energy Use by Refrigeration Centers
A. A. Arbatskiy, Candidate of Engineering, Senior Lecturer at Thermal Mass Exchange Processes and Devices department, SRI MEI, Director of the Department of New Products Development at TPH Rusclimat
G. N. Afonina, Process Engineer at the New Products Development Department, TPH Rusclimat
Keywords:annual energy use, refrigeration center, European seasonal energy efficiency ratio, ESEER
The article presents a method for calculation of annual energy use by refrigeration centers. Excerpts from this method are quite applicable for preparation of detailed feasibility studies as a more precise alternative to ESEER assessment (European seasonal energy efficiency ratio).

Mandatory Certification of Heating Appliances
Keywords: heating appliance, radiator, certification
Resolution of the Government No. 717 "On amendment of the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 1 December 2009 No. 982" dated 17 June 2017 has introduced mandatory certification of heating radiators and convectors. According to the legislators, this will help to reduce the share of unsafe and low quality products in Russian market.
The magazine editorial staff has invited industry experts to share their opinion about positive and negative sides of the mandatory certification process and its influence on the market of heating appliances.

Can Radiator Distributors Measure Thermal Power?
S. V. Nikitina, Leading Specialist in Individual Heat Metering at OOO Danfoss
Keywords: radiator distributor, heat loss, heat carrier consumption, room air temperature
Radiator distributors have firmly taken their niche in the market of individual heat metering devices. They are the main solution for individual metering in buildings with vertical design of heating systems. In spite of extensive discussions, vertical distribution is still widely used in new construction. All such buildings must be equipped with distributors in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 261 "On energy conservation". After commissioning and occupation in most of them operation companies start calculating heating fees taking into consideration readings from distributors. However many consumers and specialists know that distributors are not meter in a common sense.

Analysis of European and Russian Rules of Design of Traditional Channel Smoke Ventilation System for Enclosed Parking Lots
A. V. Sverdlov, General Director at FlaktGroup Russia
A. P. Volkov, Candidate of Engineering, Expert, FlaktGroup Russia
Keywords: designing, smoke ventilation system, enclosed parking lots
Modern ventilation systems of large multi-floor underground parking lots are usually designed as universal or combined - supply and exhaust ventilation systems ensure smoke and standard general ventilation. Such approach allows for reduction of the number of fans and ventilation shafts, which decreases the cost of ventilation equipment and cost of construction, improves the efficiency of use of underground space.

Tightness of Air Ducts: Problems and Solutions
V. N. Bolomatov, Chief Engineer at Proektpromventilyatsiya, Honourable Builder of RF
Keywords: air duct, tightness, ventilation, tightness category, specific losses
Air ducts are the most important part of a ventilation system, which are combined into a network to move the air flows inside a building and distribute the required air volumes in the rooms. Tightness of a ventilation system is a multi-factor issue which requires consideration of many peculiarities depending on the construction of air ducts of the entire system and its installation. According to the European sources, improvement of the tightness level of ventilation systems allows for reduction of costs up to 10 billion kWh per year, which is comparable to power of two nuclear power plants.

Operation of Buildings: Professional Opinion
Keywords: utility systems, operation, dispatch control, management, access control and management systems
Interview with technical director or NAI Becar, Oleg Kazakov, dedicated to specifics of the work of operation services. Quality living environment in the building to a large extend depends on the condition of engineering infrastructure. However even a proper design, installation and tuning do not guarantee reliable operation of building utility systems without proper a operation strategy. The later mainly depends on the facility operation service.

Use of Antifreezes in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Systems Answers to the questions

Keywords: antifreeze, inhibitor, system freezing, additive, service life, glycol
Use of antifreezes in utility systems is due to the need to protect them from destruction during defrosting, as it would have been in case of water. But not every antifreeze meets its declared characteristics, therefore its selection is an important task.

Method of Thermal Power optimization of Building Geometry Forming
M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture, Vice President of NP ABOK
Keywords: building geometry forming, thermal power optimization, energy costs, Thermal power efficiency indicator
Energy impact of outside climate on the building envelope is defined by the solar radiation, wind and temperature of the outside air. A building has substantial areas of building envelope constructions and glazing, therefore optimal accounting for directed impact of outside climate in its energy balance has special relevance. Depending on the building form and period of the year, impact of outside climate on the building envelope can have positive or negative contribution to its thermal power balance.

After All, Improvement of Thermal Protection of Buildings to Reduce Heat Use for Their Heating is a Correct Solution!
V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering, NP AVOK Presidium Office Member
Keywords: thermal protection, heat use, heat losses, heat inflow, balance of heat losses, specific annual thermal energy use
Using analysis of heat balance of a 9-story panel apartment building of P 49-04/9 series as an example, the article shows that improvement of resistance to heat transfer of walls of residential buildings results in significant reduction of heat use for heating of buildings, and the social factors do not affect the required level of thermal protection.

АВОК 5\2017

Microclimate Control Systems in Medical Institutions
A. P. Borisoglebskaya, Candidate of Engineering
Keywords: medical and preventive treatment facility, air distribution, microclimate
Controlling of microclimate in Medical and Preventive Treatment Facilities is a complex task requiring special knowledge, experience and regulatory documents, since the same building includes rooms of different cleanness category and regulated air bacterial loads. Therefore the design process requires serious discussions, studying of the best national practices and foreign experience.

Use of Radiant Panel Cooling Systems in Medical and Preventive Treatment Facilities
O. D. Tretyakova, Head of "Ceiling Heating and Cooling" Section, Representative Office of Zehnder Group Deutschland GmbH (Germany)
Keywords: medical and preventive treatment facility, radiant panel cooling, cooling module, heat losses, air velocity
It has been proven long time ago that the human health is greatly dependent on comfort of the environment, not only thermal, but also visual and acoustic. Modern developments in climate control equipment for medical and preventive treatment facilities (MPTF) take into consideration all of these aspects, and not only hygienic and operational requirements as it was before. One of the most comfortable solutions for MPTF cooling today are ceiling radiant panel cooling systems.

Air Handling in Surgery Rooms: Simple Answers to Complex Questions
A. I. Seregin, General Director at LLC Climatek Engineering
Keywords: surgery room, air handling, laminar stream, recycling
This article discusses solutions for medical institutions and, in particular, for surgery rooms. Air handling in surgery rooms is quite a large-scale problem, extending well beyond the room itself. In general, one cannot view a surgery room as a separate room when you talk about air handling. This process always includes adjacent rooms, and under ideal conditions - the whole building section.

Specifics of Maintaining Supply Air Parameters in Surgery Rooms
A. A. Borodkin, Candidate of Engineering, Technical Director at LLC Engineering Bareau VINDEKO
Keywords: clean room, air distribution, laminar ceiling, HEPA filter, constant air flowrate regulator
Surgery rooms are considered especially clean rooms. For air distribution they usually use laminar ceilings, sometimes with 14th class HEPA filters. In the course of operation the filter resistance can increase five-fold. After four-fold drop of pressure at the filter the air flow through the filter can become twice as little. This is unacceptable. CAV regulators (constant air volume regulators) are being used today to solve this problem. They compensate for an increase in the filter resistance by reducing their own resistance. This article tries to understand whether CAV-regulators are really this indispensable.

Basic Documents for Ddesign for Medical and Preventive Treatment Facilities
Keywords: medical and preventive treatment facility, GOST, SanPiN, code of rules, guideline

The list of regulatory-reference and guideline documents on design of medical institutions is quite extensive. Therefore, in spite of diversity of various medical and preventive treatment facilities, at a first glance it seems like the design process is simple and easy. And really, we have a number of GOSTs, SNiPs, SanPiNs, codes of rules, guidelines, recommendations, design manuals, reference books, sanitary norms and even orders of the Ministry of Health which, based on their names, cover practically every major medical technology. But is it really so?

Smoke Ventilation Systems. Questions and Answers

Keywords: smoke ventilation, smoke exhaust system, smoke exhaust compensation, fire damper, air velocity, combustion products
Design of smoke exhaust systems that ensure safe evacuation of people in case of fire is a complex task often containing more questions than answers. The publication contains answers to the specialists' questions raised during AVOK master class "Smoke ventilation systems. Overview of new and clarification of operating regulatory requirements."

Natural Ventilation of Apartment Buildings Meet the Current Regulations
V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering, NP ABOK Presidium Office Member
Keywords: natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, hydraulic stability, air flowrate, warm attic
Lately we have been hearing persistent recommendations on wide application of mechanical ventilation in apartment buildings in our country, referring to poor performance of natural ventilation, to foreign experience of mandatory use of mechanical ventilation, and, allegedly, direct requirements in the latest national regulatory documents to switch to mechanical ventilation in newly built apartment buildings.

Foreign Experience with Mechanical Ventilation Systems in Residential Buildings
Keywords: natural exhaust ventilation, mechanical ventilation system, exhaust air heat recuperation, air exchange
The questions of viability and necessity of using mechanical ventilation systems in multistory residential and public buildings instead of natural ventilation have been raised on the pages of our magazine a number of times. One of such publications, "Use of mechanical ventilation systems in residential buildings", contained opinions of foreign specialists on this subject. Since the question is still outstanding, the editorial staff believes it is necessary to present excerpts from that article once again.

Impact of Social Factors on the Required Thermal Protection Level of Residential Buildings' Envelope
A. I. Ananyev, Doctor of Engineering, Chief Research Worker at FSBE Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences
Keywords: heat transfer resistance, air permeability, durability, three-ply walls, polystyrene foam, mineral wool
The article analyzes the requirements to the level of thermal protection of building envelopes and demonstrates their dependence on the social situation in the country. The role of apartments occupation density in the building energy balance is demonstrated. Foreign experience and the reasons for switching to construction of buildings with enhanced envelope thermal protection are presented. The article proposes to solve the problem of energy conservation in construction and public utilities sector with achievement of durability of building envelope and reduction of maintenance and capital renovation costs while ensuring the design building service life.

Certification of Kazan Arena football stadium under standards of green construction. Obligatory Requirements
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: football stadium, green standard, certification, rating system
Certification of Kazan Arena football stadium under standards of green (environmentally sustainable) construction in voluntary certification system "RUSO. Football Stadiums" is completed. The facility has scored 395 points. This allowed to classify the stadium in "Silver" category. In this article, we consider the mandatory requirements, the implementation of which is necessary for further certification.

I All-Russia Conference "Capital Building Renovation Equipment and Technologies: Problems, Solutions, Perspectives"
Keywords: conference, exhibition, ABOK, capital building renovation
The capital renovation remains one of the most relevant and discussed topics in our country for a number of years. I All-Russia Conference and Exhibition"Capital Building Renovation Equipment and Technologies" was held in May; its purpose was to discuss not only the capital renovation problems, but also to develop proposals for improvement of legislation and form a base of best practices and technologies that can be replicated in all regions of the country.

АВОК 4\2017

Kazan Arena Stadium: Silver Category in Certification System "RUSO. Football Stadiums"
Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Professor, President of NP ABOK
R. S. Akiyev, Candidate of Economics, Member of the Board of “National Center for Green Construction” Association
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture
D. V. Kapko, Deputy Chairman of the Committee NP ABOK "Green Building"
Keywords: football stadium, green standard, certification, rating system
Certification of Kazan Arena football stadium under standards of green (environmentally sustainable) construction in voluntary certification system "RUSO. Football Stadiums" is completed. The facility has scored 395 points, which amounts to 60.3% of the maximum rating score. This allowed to classify the stadium in "Silver" category. Kazan Arena stadium became the second stadium in Russia to receive rating of sustainable habitat environment.
Certification of the football stadium in green construction standards is a mandatory according to FIFA requirements: hosting of such large-scale international competitions as World Cup is only possible in certified stadiums.

Why is a Chiller Working Inefficiently?
D. M. Denisihina, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor, Deputy General Director of OOO MM-Tehnologii
M. V. Samoletov, Executive Director of OOO MM-Tehnologii
Keywords: cold supply system, cooling capacity, peak temperature, energy modeling, energy use
An important task in designing of cold supply systems is correct determination of the required cooling power and arrangement of chillers. Solution of this task has direct impact on capital investments into the system and on its operating costs.
Then the article looks into the reasons of inefficient operation of chillers and possible problems in defining the building's demand for cold. The article also describes a practical example of energy efficiency improvement of cold supply system due to correct arrangement of chillers.

Solid Fuel Heat Generators for Autonomous Heat Supply
P. A. Havanov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Scientific Research Institution "Moscow State Construction University"
A. S. Chulenev, Assistant, Engineer, Scientific Research Institution "Moscow State Construction University"
Keywords: solid fuel, autonomous heat supply, heat generator, furnace, fire bar
An alternative to solid fuel for Russian consumers who need autonomous heat supply is almost always solid fuel. The article looks at boilers operating on different types of solid fuel - all types of coal, peat, wood, pellets, different types of briquettes and production waste.
The national industry does not produce low-power fully-mechanized autonomous boilers operating on solid fuel. Foreign manufacturers widely advertise low-power boilers (including up to 100 kW) with complete or partial mechanization of processes, designed only for high quality fuel, produced and supplied according to the corresponding EU standard. And even in this case the price of equipment is an order higher than of the similar equipment operating on natural gas or liquid fuel.

Evolution of Ice Rinks' Cooling using СО2
Jцrgen Rogstam, Member ASHRAE
Keywords: ice rink, transcritical system, СО2, cooling system, cooling media, cold supply
Approach to development of ice rinks' cooling systems is currently changing. The first project using СО2 in the secondary cooling system circuit was implemented in 1999. 11 years have passed, and the first project with transcritical cooling system using СО2 for cooling of an ice rink was implemented. This article looks into evolution of cooling systems on СО2 for ice rinks.

Assessment of the impact of the ice resurfacer the air quality in the hall of an indoor ice rink
S. V. Rusakov, Technical Director RUSENERGOMONTAZH Ltd.
Keywords: ice rink, ice arena, ice resurfacer, ventilation and air conditioning ice arenas and ice rinks, the air quality in the ice rink.
Ice resurfacing machines with combustion engines used to care for ice arenas are sources of pollution of the air environment in the halls indoor ice rinks. Toxic impurities in the exhaust gases arrive at the accepted amount and require removal by ventilation rate required. The article gives methods of calculation of concentrations of harmful substances in the result of accumulation during cyclical rink with alternating treatments of ice and training at different intensity of ventilation systems. Gives calculations of carbon monoxide co and carbon dioxide CO2 in the room of a typical training rink with the use of a particular model ice harvester modern production. Recommendations for the maintenance of air quality when the equipment is operated for the care of the ice surface.

Hybrid Ventilation Systems. The Netherlands Experience
Keywords: hybrid ventilation, natural ventilation, supply valve, air infiltration, heat recuperation, air quality
The need for improvement of natural ventilation for multistory residential buildings is related to the fact that its functioning is ensured under low positive outside air temperatures. The climate in European countries is warmer than in Russia, therefore deficiencies of the natural ventilation are more acute here.
This article presents an example of using hybrid ventilation in the Netherlands.

III Forum and exhibition "Energy Efficient Moscow Region", p. 68
Keywords: ABOK, forum, exhibition
III Forum and exhibition "Energy Efficient Moscow Region", arranged by NP ABOK, took place on 26–27 April 2017. Main objectives of the Forum: demonstration of achievements of the Moscow region in implementation of innovative energy efficient technologies and presenting of energy innovations for sustainable development of the region.

XX Conference “Modern Microclimate Systems”, p. 72
Keywords: ABOK, conference, workshops, master-class
XX Conference "Modern Microclimate Systems" took place in Saint Petersburg on 21 April 2017. The program of the Conference included 2 AVOK workshops: "Building Information Modeling (BIM)" and "Medical Facilities. Technologies and equipment for ensuring sanitary-hygienic requirements for microclimate in rooms and air environment", and AVOK master-class "Smoke ventilation systems. Overview of new and clarification of operating regulatory documents."

Certain Issues of Thermo-technical Testing of Heating Appliances, p. 76
G. A. Bershidskiy, M. Ya. Poz
Keywords:heating, thermo-technical tests, heating, air temperature, air temperature gradient
One of the main requirements for the methods of thermo-technical testing of heating appliances is comparison of the results obtained in different test chambers. In order to meet this requirement one has to determine too what extent do the external conditions affect the heat output of heating appliances. Such assessment would allow for better selection of surfaces of the heating appliances installed inside premises and identification of conditions that must be met during construction of new test chambers.

АВОК 3\2017

RF Construction Industry Status and Prospects

Keywords: construction industry, HVAC systems, market, dynamics of development
HVAC systems are a part of the construction industry. Growth or decline of the construction industry can be judged by changes in the HVAC systems market demand. Thus, for examples, the amount of demand for air ducts can be used to make a tentative conclusion on the amount of air entering premises through them, then on air exchange rate and, finally, on the area of premises and volumes of construction. On the other hand, the condition of the construction industry, its dynamics affect the development of HVAC industry.

Design Documents. Expert's and Engineer's Opinion
A. N. Kolubkov, Expert of LLC "Mosexpert", Vice-President of NP ABOK, Director of PPF AK
Keywords: design documentation, detailed documentation, expert evaluation, technical regulations
Lately construction companies in capital construction projects often encounter low quality detailed design documentation, although the design documentation has successfully passed the expert evaluation and received positive conclusion. So a question comes up: why is this so? Answers lie at the surface.

Fire Protection Systems. Water-based Fire Extinguishing Equipment
Keywords: water-based fire extinguishing, drenching system, sprinkler system, water curtain, air lock
Today there are numerous fire safety systems available, and water-based fire extinguishing systems are at the top of this list, since water-based fire extinguishing can be used for protection of majority of the projects, including explosion-hazardous. Fire alarm and water-based extinguishing units are interconnected elements of fire protection systems of buildings or structures. Therefore proper approach to design and installation of water-based firefighting systems is a prerequisite for quality and precise operation of a fire extinguishing systems and facility protection in general.

Energy Efficient and Sustainable Engineering Solutions for Police Station
Frank Shadpour, P.E., fellow ASHRAE
Jeremy Clifton, P.E., member ASHRAE
Joseph Kilcoyne, P.E., member ASHRAE
Keywords: heating, ventilation, air conditioning, green roof, energy efficiency, sustainability
Security is one of the top priorities for San Diego college campus: each college has built a new police station or has renovated the existing ones to guarantee security and students' access to the campus territory.
This article discusses the police station in Miramar College commissioned in 2011.

Declaration for an Ambitious EU Industrial Strategy
Keywords: declaration, industry, European Union
In February of 2016 92 biggest European associations have signed the Joint declaration of ambitious development of EU industry. The goal of signing the declaration - to overcome significant current and future difficulties that the European industry faces, and first of all in relation to USA motto "America First."

Radial Fan with Circular Enclosure. Main Features and Advantages
S. V. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering
V. G. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering, LLC "AIR-g"
Keywords: radial fan with spiral enclosure, duct radial fan, radial fan with circular enclosure, impeller COP, aerodynamic characteristics
Duct radial fans with bent-back impeller blades are widely used since this design suits well for numerous ventilation objectives. However they have lower pressure and performance factors than similar fans with spiral enclosure. This article looks at duct radial plug fans with round enclosures which have aerodynamic characteristics that are close to similar fans with spiral enclosures.

Evaluation of the Airflow Determination Precision in Ventilation Systems During their Rating
K. E. Taratyrkin
D. V. Chernoivanov
Keywords: ventilation system, airflow rate, ultimate relative accuracy of airflow calculation, mean square error, turbulent flow pulsation
Startup of ventilation systems and their rating are carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79 "Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods" and SP "73.13330.2012 "Inside sanitary and technical systems of buildings". The article analyzes the main factors affecting the precision of determination of airflow rate in ventilation systems, impact of some of these factors is evaluated quantitatively.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Keywords: building information modeling, conference, ABOK
NP ABOK XX Conference and Exhibition "BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM). Software for efficient design and calculation of utility systems" took place in February of 2017. This event can truly be considered an open forum for discussion of the entire diversity of BIM implementation problems in out country. The forum included 390 participating specialists from 55 cities or Russia and foreign countries.

Certain Issues of Thermo-technical Testing of Heating Appliances
G. A. Bershidskiy, M. Ya. Poz
Keywords:heating, thermo-technical tests, heating, air temperature, air temperature gradient
One of the main requirements for the methods of thermo-technical testing of heating appliances is comparison of the results obtained in different test chambers. In order to meet this requirement one has to determine too what extent do the external conditions affect the heat output of heating appliances. Such assessment would allow for better selection of surfaces of the heating appliances installed inside premises and identification of conditions that must be met during construction of new test chambers.

АВОК 2\2017

Orthodox Temple: Architecture and Engineering
G. V. Esaulov, Academician, Prorector for Scientific Work of Moscow Institute of Architecture (MIArch)
Keywords: Orthodox temple, architecture, utility systems, mathematic modeling
The past 25 years have marked the new era of temple building, seventy years after an interruption of the national architectural-artistic traditions.
Problems related to design and construction of orthodox temples become more and more prominent. They include two major ones: what should be a XXI century temple like, and what is the ratio of architectural and engineering components required for a modern temple and common for secular buildings and structures referred to as public in architectural classification?

What do Temples Breath With
V. A. Hroshin, Executive Director, LLC PP Blagovest-S+
Keywords: microclimate parameters, temple, ventilation
Proper design of ventilation is a prerequisite not only for comfort of visitors of the temple, but also for safekeeping of wall painting, icons, plaster and service life of walls and the building itself in general. Therefore, efficient ventilation is the main task that temple buildings' architects and designers face. Difficulties in finding a solution for this task are caused by the specifics of architecture and operation of temples.

Renewable Energy Sources in Buildings of Religious Architecture. Foreign experience
A. N. Cheban, Engineer, Lecturer at Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: alternative energy sources, heat supply, photovoltaic panel, heat pump
The article is dedicated to global experience in use of alternative energy source for heat supply for temple buildings.

Reconstruction of Microclimate Creation and Maintenance Systems in Orthodox Temples

A. G. Kochev, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Nizhniy Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNSUACCE)

M. M. Sokolov, Candidate of Engineering, NNSUACCE, E. A. Kocheva, NNSUACCE, A. S. Moskayeva, NNSUACCE

Keywords: microclimate parameters, thermal balance, heat supply, heating
Creation and maintenance of the required microclimate parameters in Orthodox temples is only possible with precise matching of seasonal heat balances and characteristics of heat supply, heating and ventilation systems, subject to the required thermal resistance of the building envelope and its elements. The article is dedicated to reconstruction of heating, ventilation and heat supply systems in Alexander Nevskiy Temple in Nizhniy Novgorod that was built in 1880.

Combined AirHeating and Ventilation System in Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Borisogleb Village of Vladimir Eparchy
Protoiereus Oleg Ryabyshev, Senior Priest of the Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
M. A. Pronkov, Climate-Service LLC
V. B. Dorohov, Head of the Laboratory of Climate of Museums and Architectural Landmarks of the State Scientific Research Institute of Restoration, Lecturer in Moscow Ecclesiastical Academy
Keywords: temple, air heating, ventilation, recirculation, valve
Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Borisogleb Village has an ancient history. Worship in the Temple has continued until 1939, when the Temple was closed, and its revival began in 1995. The article looks at an air heating system combined with the ventilation system. This combination allowed for achievement of the required microclimate parameters in the temple, significant elimination of pollutants from burning of candles, incense burner, lamps, etc.; enhancement of protection of frescoes and iconostasis, as well as for economy of energy resources.

Specifics of Heating and Ventilation Systems in Orthodox Temples
A. V. Busahin, Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor in Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Honorable Builder of RF, Holder of Patriarchal Token "700th Anniversary of Saint Sergius of Radonezh"
Keywords: orthodox temple, heating, ventilation, dilution of contaminants, air heating
In majority of cases design and installation of utility systems of general purpose buildings and structures, classified as temples, is carried out in accordance with known accepted regulatory documents. However there is a number of perks that have to be accounted for. This article discusses specifics that have to be taken into account in temples' heating and ventilation solutions.

Thermophysical Aspects of Preservation of Architecture Landmarks
B. T. Sizov, Deputy Director for Scientific Work in Central Scientific Restoration Design Workshops of the Ministry of Culture of RF
Keywords: architecture landmark, thermal and humidity conditions, thermophysical methods
Some of the most difficult cultural heritage objects from the perspective of their preservation are architecture landmarks. First of all, this is due to impact of uncontrollable natural factors, including climatic ones. These impacts result in aging of the materials, leading to loss of aesthetic properties of individual elements of a landmark and, finally, to its physical destruction. An important role among the methods of protection of constructions and materials of old buildings play thermophysical methods.

Air Conditioning System with Cold Accumulator for a Shopping Center
A. L. Naumov, General Director in LLC NPO TERMEK
Yu. M. Seliverstov, General Director, LLC TechnoInzh
V. V. Efremov, Leadinng Engineer, LLC TechnoInzhPromStroy
G. V. Protasov, Leading Engineer, LLC NPO TERMEK
Keywords: air conditioning, cold accumulator, peak load, energy use, heat exchanger
Cold accumulators allow for management of peak loads in an air conditioning system and significant reduction of energy use, investing and operating costs. This technology reduces the negative impact on the environment, reduces CO2 emissions. However the real experience in design and construction of such systems in Russia today includes only isolated projects. One of them is discussed in this article.

"Commissioning" - Translation Problems
V. N. Limin, General Director of the Board of Environmental Construction, otvet@abok.ru.
N. V. Limin, Independent Commissioning Agent in Salimus LLC
Keywords: commissioning, putting into operation, technical audit, technical supervision, construction supervision, rating system
All attempts to come up with a commonly accepted translation of the term "commissioning" to Russian over the past 8 years have failed. Due to introduction of the new LEED v4 rating system it would be feasible to clarify this question.

Olympic Venues and Green Construction
Keywords: green construction, rating system, sustainable development principles, commissioning
Green construction - systematic extension of energy efficient and environment-friendly buildings, is the key area for the global construction industry. The tool for determining whether a building has a green rating is certification in accordance with the special green standards is the living environment sustainability rating system. Starting from 1994 the International Olympic Committee began requiring observance of the sustainable development principles in construction of sports venues and infrastructure (auxiliary) facilities for the Olympics.

Olf and Decipol - Indicators to Quantify Air Pollution Level Perceived by People Indoor and Outdoor
P. Ole Fanger, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark
Keywords: Olf, Decipol, indoor air quality, air pollution level
The article looks at the methods of calculating the number of people who are not satisfied with indoor air quality as a function of air pollution in decipols. This method was developed as a result of a real experiment in the course of which the intensity of pollutants' emission by humans was evaluated and the perceived air pollution level was recorded.

АВОК 1\2017

NP ABOK – 2017: New Stages of Development
Yu. A. Tabunschikov, President of NP ABOK
Keywords: ABOK, standard, codes, conference, webinar, magazine, scientific research
Just as a modern large organization should, NP ABOK is active in very diverse areas: development of standards and codes; conduction of conferences, webinars, workshops; publication of magazines, books, educational literature; scientific research. All this is a response to the current demands that change dynamically, and such changes has to be foreseen in advance. The "time factor", as it is sometimes referred to, plays the crucial role here. However there is a number of new areas of NP ABOK's work which are sure to draw the attention of the partnership members, as they provide new opportunities for development and improvement of own business.

Specifics of HVAC Systems Design for Medical and Preventive Treatment Facilities
Keywords: medical and preventive treatment facility, ventilation system, air exchange, room category, clean room, laminar ceiling, air recuperation
Designing of utility systems for medical and preventive treatment facilities (MPF) is a hot topic that always draws attention of specialists. This article provides an expert's explanations on a number of issues related to the sanitary-hygienic and medical-technological specifics of MPF buildings, classification of rooms, requirements for HVAC systems.

Multistory Residential Building in Krasnostudencheskiy proezd in Moscow
Keywords: energy efficiency, minimization of capital costs, individual heating substation, exhaust air heat recovery
A. L. Naumov, Vice President of NP ABOK, General Director at LLC NPO TERMEK
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering
This article describes a building, where the cost and complexity of using engineering solutions does not differ too much from typical multistory buildings. Designers of the buildings were able to achieve significant energy use reduction without expensive complex solutions, at the same time providing for high microclimate quality. Experience from implementation of this project can be useful for adoption in mass residential multistory development.

Net Zero Energy For Pharmacy
J. Robbins, P.E., Member Ashrae; B. Skelton, P.E., BEMP, CPMP, Member Ashrae; S. Sovak, P.E., Member Ashrae; R. OLDEN, P.E., Member Ashrae
Keywords: Zero Energy Building, renewable energy, photoelectric module, wind generator, heat gain, energy, geothermal system
This Walgreens is designed to achieve net zero energy use by the NREL’s most stringent definition: “renewable energy generated within the building footprint.” The owner’s vision is to create a store in which products, materials, systems, and equipment can be tested for incorporation into prototype designs and retrofits in existing stores.

Efficient of Vertical Transport Operation in High-rise Buildings

I. G. Sovdagarova, Schindler Group
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: elevator\, vertical transport, regulatory document, code of rules, high-rise building, utility systems
When designing a building, especially a high-rise building (with 15 floors or more), it is very important to select the correct quantity, optimal speed and capacity of elevators. Efficient work of vertical transportation in high-rise buildings allows for reduction of the number of elevators and elevator shafts in a building, which in turn increases the usable area of the building and allows for a significant decrease in the energy use.

Ventilation and Certification – the Key to Ecological Safety of Dwelling
M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor in Moscow Institute of Architecture, Vice President of NP ABOK
Keywords: ecological safety, certification, outside air quality, microclimate
Ecological safety of a dwelling is mainly ensured by ventilation air exchange and use of environment-friendly construction and finishing materials, but also is heavily dependent on the quality of outside air participating in the ventilation air exchange. The green construction standards direct the clients and builders to use the entire complex of measures aimed at ensuring good quality living environment.

Analysis of Annual Energy Use for Heating and Cooling of an Office Building
E. G. Malyavina, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation Department of FSBEI of Higher Education "National Research Institute - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering"
A. A. Frolova, Postgraduate Student, Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation Department of FSBEI of Higher Education "National Research Institute - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering"
Keywords: building thermal conditions, heat protection options, facade glazing, building length, number of floors, heat emissions inside
Evaluation of the impact of various factors on the annual energy use of a building provides important information for building designers and for energy supply organizations. Also, designers need to understand the ratio between the buildings' heat and cold use during a year. Another interesting issue concerns feasible thermal protection of office buildings with significant heat emissions, which is one of the factors affecting the building's energy use.
The purpose of this job was to determine the dependence of annual heat use for heating, and cold use for free and forced cooling of an office building on various factors.

ABOK Webinars – Summarizing 2016
M. M. Brodach, Author and Head of ABOK Webinars project
Keywords: ABOK, webinar
ABOK Webinars is a highly appreciated by the engineering community and demanded project created in May of 2010 to efficiently spread the knowledge in the professional community, and to enhance the competence level of specialists. ABOK Webinars cover the topics of new regulatory documents, advantages of new equipment and technologies, rules of design and software use, and provide information support for specialists in Russian and abroad.

2016

АВОК 8\2016

Smart carbon-free buildings and zero energy buildings

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, President of NP ABOK
Keywords: carbon-free city, CO₂ emission, Zero Energy Building, Net Zero Energy Building
The Paris Convention on Climate Change comes into force on 4 November 2016. Its main goals: to slow down growth of the average global temperature below 2 °С; reduce CO₂ emission and switch to carbon-free cities. One can say that construction of buildings with zero or near zero energy consumption is one of the main conditions for existence of carbon-free cities.

Multistory Residential Building in Krasnostudencheskiy proezd in Moscow

A. L. Naumov, Vice President of NP ABOK, General Director at LLC NPO TERMEK
N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering
Keywords: energy efficiency, minimization of capital costs, individual heating substation, exhaust air heat recovery
This article describes a building, where the cost and complexity of using engineering solutions does not differ too much from typical multistory buildings. Designers of the buildings were able to achieve significant energy use reduction without expensive complex solutions, at the same time providing for high microclimate quality. Experience from implementation of this project can be useful for adoption in mass residential multistory development.

Code of Rules SP 253.1325800.2016 “High-rise Building Systems”

Keywords: regulatory document, code of rules, high-rise building, technical systems
AВOK Webinar “Overview of the Requirements of New SP 253.1325800.2016 “High-rise Building Systems” took place on 30 September 2016. Alexander Nikolayevich Kolubkov, NP AВOK Vice President, head of the creative group involved in development of this Code of Rules, discussed the main changes incorporated in the document and answered the listeners’ questions. This publication contains an overview of the Webinar.

Problems with Operation and Verification of Supply and Exhaust Ventilation Systems in Laboratories Handling Pathogenic Microorganisms of III-IV Risk Group

A. A. Enenko, Head of Analytic Center for Validation and Measurements in LLC “VOSTOK POST”, Town of Miass
Keywords: laboratory, pathogenic microorganism, supply-exhaust ventilation, HEPA filter, filter class, filtration efficiency
Among the diversity of engineering and technical biological safety methods a supply and exhaust ventilation system plays an important part. A properly designed and functioning supply and exhaust ventilation system not only provides for the required labor conditions, but also significantly reduces the risk of the staff contamination with agents accumulating in the air in the course of work. The required exhaust air filtration level significantly reduces the risk of infection of people outside of the laboratory. Unfortunately in many laboratories today that work with III-IV risk group microorganisms ventilation systems do not function properly or, more often, are missing altogether.

Use of Air Decontamination Devices in Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems

V. V. Yakimenko, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Head of Air Equipment Development Department in NPO LIT
Keywords: air decontamination, ultraviolet radiation, filter, bactericidal module, amalgam lamp
Due to enactment of Resolution of the Government of RF dated 26 December 2014 No. 1521, the list of obligatory national standards and codes of rules includes the norms allowing for air recirculation mode in ventilation systems of public buildings, including with the use of rotary type heat recovery units. In this case the designers must meet the requirement for installation of a device in a ventilation system that provides for continuous decontamination of supply or recirculation air delivered to a room, in accordance with the medical-technical design specification and with agreement of the local state epidemiological supervision authorities. When designing such systems a question arises: what requirements should apply to such devices?

Use of Chilled Beams in Reconstruction of Historical Buildings

N. A. Shonina, Senior Lecturer in Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: historical building, chilled beams, reconstruction, microclimate parameters
What do Bergognone 53 Administrative Complex, located in Milan (Italy), and Wake Forest Biotech Place medical and laboratory complex, located in Winston-Salem, a town in southeastern USA, have in common? Both facilities have historic significance and sustainable architecture principles were used in the process of their reconstruction, allowing for reaching a high energy efficiency level in the buildings. In both cases chilled (climatic) beams were chosen as the main solution for the cooling system, that have contributed significantly to energy conservation in buildings.

Net Zero Energy For Pharmacy

J. Robbins, P.E., Member Ashrae; B. Skelton, P.E., BEMP, CPMP, Member Ashrae; S. Sovak, P.E., Member Ashrae; R. OLDEN, P.E., Member Ashrae
Keywords:Zero Energy Building, renewable energy, photoelectric module, wind generator, heat gain, energy, geothermal system
This Walgreens is designed to achieve net zero energy use by the NREL’s most stringent definition: “renewable energy generated within the building footprint.” The owner’s vision is to create a store in which products, materials, systems, and equipment can be tested for incorporation into prototype designs and retrofits in existing stores.

RUSO – National Certification of Green Buildings

R. S. Akiyev, Candidate of Economics, Member of the Board of “National Center for Green Construction” Association
Keywords: green standard, green construction, voluntary certification system, rating system, RUSO
Implementation of sustainable ecological development principles in construction, better known as green construction, is one of the main global trends of the building industry development.

XXXIII Conference and Exhibition “Moscow – Energy Efficient City”

Keywords: ABOK, Conference, Exhibition
XXXIII Conference and Exhibition “Moscow – Energy Efficient City” took place in Moscow, bringing together extensive communication capabilities of a conference and demo exhibition space.

АВОК 7\2016

Modern Design: Problems and Perspectives

Keywords:design, green buildings, standard, import substitutions, regulating documents
Current condition of the national building industry and promising areas of its development, problems with the design and specialized education are presented in the interview with V.V. Granev, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, General Director of CNIIPromzdaniy.

Reversal Jet Ventilation and Recuperation as a New Design Energy Efficient Concept for Large Multilevel Parking Lots

A. V. Sverdlov, General Director, Fl?kt Woods of Russia
A. P. Volkov, Technical Expert, Candidate of Engineering, Fl?kt Woods of Russia
Keywords: recuperation, heat recuperation, reversal jet ventilation, parking lot, smoke removal
The measures of energy costs reduction through recuperation of the heat discharged into the environment with the exhaust air flow have led to development of various types of recuperators, which became a whole new direction in creation of ventilation units equipped with such devices. Another alternative energy saving method became the use of recirculation in ventilation systems, allowing for reuse of already heated to the required temperature air from the exhaust air duct, mixing it with the supply air.

Promotion of Energy Saving Measures During Overhaul of Apartment Buildings

Keywords: overhaul, apartment building, energy efficiency, energy saving
On 19 September 2016 Order No. 653/pr of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of Russia has approved “Method guidelines for implementation of energy saving and energy improvement enhancement projects and measures during overhaul of common property of apartment buildings” (hereinafter – Method Guidelines).

Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Operating Apartment Buildings during Overhaul

Keywords: apartment building, overhaul, thermal protection, automated control unit, thermostatic control valve
On assignment of the Overhaul Department of Moscow NP AVOK has performed evaluation of a number of energy saving measures: improvement of thermal protection of external walls; improvement of thermal protection of windows; improvement of thermal protection of attic floors; installation of automated heat supply control unit; installation of thermostatic control valves (thermal regulators) on heating devices.

Apartment Building Energy Efficiency Class Determination Rules

Keywords: energy efficiency class, base level of specific annual energy resources use, specific annual thermal energy use
Order of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation No. 399/pr “On approval of the apartment buildings energy efficiency class determination rules” came into force on 21 August 2016. The Order sets the base levels of the specific annual energy resources use in apartment buildings, including the total specific annual use of thermal energy for heating, ventilation and hot water supply.

Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems for Museum Rooms using the National Art Gallery in Yoshkar-Ola as an Example

O. Ya. Kokorin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor in Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
N. V. Tovaras, Candidate of Engineering, General Director of LLC NPF CHIMHOLODSERVICE
A. P. Inkov, Candidate of Engineering, Director of LLC ECOTERM
M. A. Kolosov, Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor in N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Leading Specialist in LLC NPF CHEMHOLODSERVICE
Keywords: museum, ventilation, air conditioning, air temperature, air moisture, induction terminal, i-d diagram
Air conditioning and ventilation systems (ACVS) in museums, depositaries of art treasures and items on paper, fabric and wood are designed in line with much stricter requirements than in civil construction.
Demand controlled ACVS for showrooms of the National Art Gallery in Yoshkar-Ola commissioned in 2007 meets all of these requirements. In the course of operation it has demonstrated efficient and reliable work regardless of weather conditions and internal loads related to the art events of different types.

Example of Jet Ventilation System Implementation in an Underground Parking Lot in the Republic of Kazakhstan

V. A. Volkov, Candidate of Engineering, Technical Director of LLC TROKS RUS
D. A. Kudryavtsev, Manager of Projects of LLC TROKS RUS
Keywords: parking lot, jet ventilation, smoke removal, smoke exhaust ventilation
The article gives an example of implementation of a jet ventilation system project in an underground parking lot. The system allows for the use of the same equipment for achievement of two objectives: general exchange ventilation and smoke exhaust ventilation, which is economically beneficial for the developer.

European Market of Heat Pumps

Keywords: heat pump, growth of sales, geothermal heat pump, air-air heat pump, air-water heat pump
Heat pumps today are a fast growing market segment. This is due to their high energy efficiency and, as a result, significant reduction of operating costs.
The number of heat pumps installed in Europe is approaching 10 million. In Russia, according to the most optimistic estimates, we are talking about thousands of units of equipment. The main factor suppressing the heat pumps market growth is relatively low cost of operation of main-line gas equipment, lack of support and subsidy programs for the final user of heat pump equipment. The article offers data on sales of heat pump equipment in 2015, presented in the annual report of EHPA (The European Heat Pump Association).

Determining the Minimum Outside Air Flowrate in Design of Ventilation Systems

V. V. Ustinov, Executive Director of LLC Lindab
Keywords: Construction Rules SP 60.13330, Appendix I, Appendix K, GOST 30494-2011, GOST R EN 13779-2007, carbon dioxide concentration, demand controlled ventilation
The regulatory framework in effect in the industry is a set of reworked and updated Soviet-era documents in combination with translated EU documents and newly developed standards. So it is not a surprise that in some questions the documents approved on the government level and accepted by the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology are not coordinated, and frequently simply contradict each other.

Industrial Boilers in Heat Power Industry

P. A. Havanov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, NRU Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Keywords: steam boiler, low-power boiler, water-tube boiler, hydraulic conditions, fire-tube boiler, COP
Significant volumes of new construction in Russia, engagement of small enterprises and private investors in construction, and corresponding development of the investment policies resulted in use of industrial and heating boilers in the majority of newly built projects, a significant part of which is equipped with low-power boilers. The article present the main technical issues and relevant problems related to the use and application of industrial boilers.

Self-regulation of the Building Industry of Russia in the Wording of the Federal Law № 372-FZ: Comments Lawyer

Keywords: self-regulated organization, compensation fund, contribution, responsibility level, qualification of specialists, permit, insurance
The publication contains answers to the questions related to changes in self-regulation of the building industry after enactment of Federal Law dated 03.07.2016 No. 372-FZ “On modification of the City Planning Code of the Russian Federation and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”.

АВОК 6\2016

Engineering Equipment of Buildings: Market Condition and Prospects
A. A. Danielyan, President Termoros Group
Keywords: construction, engineering equipment, systems approach, product quality, selection criteria
This material is devoted to assessing the current state of the vector and development of the construction industry in the near future.

High-Rise Energy Efficiency
Shengwei Wang, Ph.D., Member Ashrae;
Wai-Keung Pau, Member Ashrae
Keywords: energy efficiency, high-rise building, optimization, refrigeration, automation, lighting, savings
Ключевые слова: energy efficiency, high-rise building, optimization, refrigeration, automation, lighting, savings
Reducing building energy consumption while also providing occupants a satisfactory indoor environment was the major challenge for those working on the 118-story International Commerce Centre (ICC) super high-rise in Hong Kong. Since HVAC system design in 2005 and the first stage of occupancy in 2008, the author’s team has worked to develop innovative solutions to enhance the HVAC system’s energy efficiency and improve environmental performance. Solutions include improved system configurations, optimized control strategies and proper maintenance.

Air Conditioning Systems for Museum Buildings on the Example of the National Art Gallery in Yoshkar-Ola
O. Ya. Kokorin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
N. V. Tovaras, Candidate of Engineering, General Director of LLC NPF Himholodservice
A. P. Inkov, Candidate off Engineering, Director of LLC Ecoterm
M. A. Kolosov, Candidate of Engineering, Leading Sport Technologies Specialist at LLC NPF HIMHOLODSERVICE, Associated Professor at N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Keywords: museum, ventilation, air conditioning, air temperature, air humidity, induction terminal, i,d diagram
Air conditioning and ventilation systems museums, art treasures and storage products in the paper, tissue and wood are designed for much more stringent requirements than is typical in civil engineering.
Introduced in 2007 for adaptive air conditioning systems exhibition halls of the national art gallery in Yoshkar-Ola, meets all the requirements. During operation it showed efficient and reliable operation regardless of how the weather conditions and the degree of internal stresses associated with artistic activities in different directions.

Determine the Minimum Outside Air Flow in the Design of Ventilation Systems
V. V. Ustinov, Executive Director of LLC Lindab
Keywords: SP 60.13330, Appendix I, Appendix K, GOST 30494-2011, GOST R EN 13779-2007, the concentration of carbon dioxide, demand controlled ventilation
The current regulatory framework in the industry is a collection of recycled and updated Soviet documents in conjunction with the EU and newly developed standards transferable documents. It is not surprising that in some areas the documents approved at the governmental level and adopted Rosstandart, are inconsistent, and often simply contradict each other.

Experience in District Heat Supply Systems Development Using Riga as Example
E. Dzelzitis, Professor, Director of the Institute of Heat, Gas and Water Technologies of Riga Technological University, Chairman of the Board at JSC Lafipa
N. Talcis, Chairman of the Board at JSC Rigas Siltums
Keywords: district heating, heating network, heating substation, coefficient of performance
Modern heat supply company is a power company using cogeneration or even trigeneration technologies that offers district heating services. Riga district heating system rehabilitation system was started in 1997 to supply the consumers with thermal energy in the required quantity and of the required quality, enhance the security and energy efficiency of heat supply, reduce heat losses in pipelines and thus reduce the hazardous atmospheric emissions. This article is dedicated to implementation of this project.

SentriFlow 3D – a New Step in the Evolution of the Fans with the “Free Wheel”
V.M. Pavlov, Technical Department Engineer, Fl?kt Woods Russia
Keywords: ventilation system, “free wheel” impeller, energy efficiency
Fan with direct drive spare wheel (Plug-fan) due to its simplicity and low cost execution, has long been the standard solution for ventilation systems. Today, if you look at the type design Plug-fan impeller from different manufacturers, you will notice that it looks about the same. The article is devoted to the development of new ventilation systems – Fans "free wheel” CentriFlow 3D with a completely new impeller.

Some Comments on the Fan Energy Efficiency Index
V. G. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering
S. V.Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering
Keywords: ventilation system, efficiency of the fan, the operating point, energy efficiency, the FEG
Currently, a substantial increase in requirements for the level of energy consumption of ventilation systems, in particular fans, consuming large amounts of electricity.
To classify fans in efficiency using the energy efficiency index of the FEG, which has the same value for a series of geometrically similar fans made one aerodynamic configuration, regardless of their size. This indicator shows the aerodynamic qualities of the fan. FEG is set at the maximum value, the total efficiency of the fan when installing the standardized tests at the maximum speed of the impeller.

A meeting of members ABOK «Business to Business» Committee (B2B ABOK Committee)
August 10, 2016 a meeting of members of the B2B ABOK Committee. The Committee brings together manufacturers and suppliers of engineering equipment - the members of ABOK category "Premium".

Astana – Engineering Forum
In May 2016, Astana hosted the 18th Kazakhstan International Exhibition "Construction and Interiors, Heating and Ventilation, Windows and Doors, Facades, Road Construction, Ceramics and Stone (AstanaBuild)”. More than 200 companies from 17 countries participated in the exhibition. Extensively an exposition of Russian regions - more than 50 exporting companies of small and medium business building industry.

Air Conditioning in Administration Buildings after the Second World War
D. Arnold, Member Ashrae
Keywords: administration building, air conditioning system, variable air flowrate, microclimate
The article discusses the first projects of administration buildings that became the prototypes of modern fully conditioned buildings. Use of air conditioning systems in administration buildings has impacted the design solutions for building in two areas: first of all, at gave the architects possibility to not be bound by the need to construct sun shading elements; second, it allowed for active use of new materials and constructions, while believing that the air conditioning systems will in any way ensure the required microclimate parameters.

АВОК 5\2016

The market of engineering systems and equipment. Thinking about the past, look to the future
M. A. Shapiro, General Director at Danfoss
Keywords: production, localization, market, construction, heat supply
The article offers an outlook on the history of regulating equipment market development and companies operating in this market in Russia.

How to Build a House Unsuitable for Living without “Violation of the Norms” (Execute mandatorily impossible to pardon voluntarily)
A. N. Kolubkov, Vice President at NP AVOK
Keywords: regulating document, Construction Norms and Rules, violation of building norms, Construction Supervision Authority
Enactment of Federal Law No. 384-FZ gave start to wide-scale updating of Construction Norms and Rules, in virtue of this law considered as codes of rules and included in the list of national standards and codes of rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), and mandatory application of them ensures compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law. Refusal of acknowledging all clauses of codes of rules as mandatory for application is erroneous and will create a number of problems in the future.

Personal Ventilation. Time to Go from Theory to Practice!
D. V. Kapko, Head of Scientific Research Sector at LLC “NPO TERMEK”
R. V. Afanasyev, Deputy General Director at LLC “EcoEnergoVent SPb”
Keywords: personal ventilation, energy use, comfort, microclimate quality, air flowrate
The objective of reducing the energy use by ventilation systems in public buildings while ensuring the required inside air quality is given more and more attention in view of increasing building energy efficiency requirements, and due to the need to ensure good wellbeing and health for the people inside, and, therefore, their high work productivity.
For a long time Russian and foreign specialists consider use of personal ventilation as one of the main solutions for this problem, however this solution is still used very rarely in practice. This article describes the advantages of personal ventilation systems and offers reasoning in favor of wide use of these systems today.

Specifics of Air Exchange Organization in Wards, Obstetric Departments and Surgery Units of Medical Institutions
A. P. Borisoglebskaya, Candidate of Engineering
Keywords: medical institutions, air exchange, air disbalance, hospital-acquired infections, clean room
Organization of air exchange inside hospital room must prevent air transfer from “dirty” rooms to “clean” rooms. This is possible by arranging disbalances of air supplied and removed by supply and exhaust ventilation systems. Disbalance means difference between the quantities of air supplied and removed from a room.
This article offers different methods for organization of air exchange in rooms depending on their purpose and layout features.

Electrical Protection For HVAC&R Equipment
K. M. Elovitz, member Ashrae, P.E., Esq.
Keywords: Electrical Protection, conductor, current, circuit breakers, protection device
Most heating and air-conditioning equipment is powered by electricity. The mechanical engineer customarily lists the electrical characteristics of that equipment on the HVAC&R drawings. These characteristics include requirements for electrical protection – sizing the circuit conductors (wires) that feed the equipment as well as the fuses or circuit breakers that open the circuit in case of overload to protect the circuit and equipment, primarily from causing a fire. This article explains some of those requirements, which usually come from the applicable electrical code. Code references are to the 2014 National Electrical Code (NEC).

Connection of Ventilation to the Network, or Inclusion of the System Factor
Yu. G. Moskovko, Candidate of Engineering, LLC INNOVENT
Keywords: ventilation system, fan, coefficient of performance, aerodynamic efficiency, aerodynamic parameters
The article continues discussion of the aerodynamic efficiency of ventilation systems and the factor of efficiency of fans that has already been raised in AVOK magazine. Specific Fan Power (SFP) is used for evaluation of aerodynamic efficiency of ventilation networks. This parameter is equal to the ratio of power consumed by the fan drive to the per-second consumption,, or ratio of pressure drop over the fan (pressure drop in the ventilation system) to the overall fan performance coefficient.

Experience in District Heat Supply Systems Development Using Riga as Example
E. Dzelzitis, Professor, Director of the Institute of Heat, Gas and Water Technologies of Riga Technological University, Chairman of the Board at JSC Lafipa
N. Talcis, Chairman of the Board at JSC Rigas Siltums
Keywords: district heating, heating main, heating network, heating substation, coefficient of performance
Modern heat supply company is a power company using cogeneration or even trigeneration technologies that offers district heating services. Riga district heating system rehabilitation system was started in 1997 to supply the consumers with thermal energy in the required quantity and of the required quality, enhance the security and energy efficiency of heat supply, reduce heat losses in pipelines and thus reduce the hazardous atmospheric emissions. This article is dedicated to implementation of this project.

Heating and Heat Systems with Infrared Gas Radiating Elements
Keywords: infrared gas radiating element, “bright” radiating element, “dark” radiating element, radiant heating system
Heating and heat systems with infrared gas radiating elements are included in the radiant heating systems category creating microclimate by using direct thermal radiation and secondary emission from heated surfaces and equipment, and are one of the best possible heating methods for rooms and buildings of various purpose from the perspective of ensuring the required heating mode parameters and the economic efficiency. Use of radiant heating systems has practically no alternatives for heating of individual workplaces and zones.

Main Characteristics of Gas Infrared Radiators Offered in the Russian Market
Keywords: infrared gas radiating element, radiating surface temperature, fuel type, gas consumption, heating output, efficiency factor
Heating and heat systems with infrared gas radiators create the required microclimate mainly inside production buildings and agricultural enterprises, on individual workplaces, open and semi-open sites, as well as in separate public buildings, when use of other systems is impossible or not feasible for technical or economic reasons. The summary table reflects the main parameters of infrared gas radiators offered in the Russian market.

Development of Gas Consumption and Gas Distribution Systems in the Russian Federation
V. A. Zhile, E. L. Spirina, A. G. Lomakin, National Moscow State Research Construction University
Keywords: unified gas supply system of Russia, gas infrastructure development, reconstruction, pipe passing capacity
In this article the authors discuss natural gas reserves in Russia and describe the areas of their concentration. Energy resources in Russia and in the world is compared. Advantages of gas use in industry and power sector are described. Gazprom’s goal in gas infrastructure development is considered. Also, the authors offer graphs and diagrams of gas supply of the regions and overall gas supply coverage levels. Gas supply systems reconstruction issues using pipe-in-pipe method is discussed.

International Scientific Conference “Science, Equipment and Innovative Technologies in the Age of Might and Happiness”
Keywords: conference, innovative technologies
“Science, Equipment and Innovative Technologies in the Age of Might and Happiness” conference took place on 12–13 June 2016 in Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan).
The conference arranger – Academy of Science of Turkmenistan, President of the Academy of Science, Academician Meret Ashyrbayev. More than 150 reports were presented during the event in various areas of the modern science development.

АВОК 4\2016

Not thanks to, but in spite of
S. P. Cimerman, General Director at “Arctica”
Keywords: energy efficiency, import substitution, production, regulatory documents, self-regulation
Climate control equipment market in Russia is going through difficult times. Decline in the construction market, import substitution attempts… This is not a complete list of current problems. Sergey Pavlovich Cimerman, General Director at “Arctica”, shares its vision of the situation with the editorial staff.

Is carbon dioxide in residential and public buildings’ air a hazard?
Keywords: carbon dioxide, hazard, gas concentration
The question of air exchange rate regulation based on CO2 concentration in inside and outside air has been under scrutiny of the specialists for dozens of years. This material is dedicated to factors leading to occurrence of this problem.

Specifics of Utility Systems Construction and Installation
A. A. Naumov, Chief Engineer, LLC “NPO TERMEK”
Keywords: installation, design documents, acceptance certificate, utilities
Construction and installation works include several stages: organizational and technical preparation and the main period. The article offers a list and specifics of works included in these stages.

Condensation Boilers in Autonomous Heat Supply
Yu. A. Tabunnschikov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: autonomous heat supply, condensation, efficiency
The article discusses use of condensation equipment in autonomous heat supply systems. It offers recommendations for rational design and development of autonomous heat supply system elements using condensation boilers.

Influence of Smoke Ventilation on Operation of Automatic Fire Extinguishing Units
L. M. Meshman, Candidate of Engineering, Leading Research Workers in FGBU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia
Keywords: smoke ventilation, automatic fire extinguishing unit, heat flow rate, fire annunciator, sprinkler
This material offers answers to designers’ questions related to functioning efficiency and specific od design of automatic fire extinguishing units and smoke ventilation systems that must be installed in the same room.

Room Cooling Using Natural Ventilation in Shopping Center
Annamaria Belleri, Senior researcher at EURAC research, Bolzano
Marta Avantaggiato, PhD candidate at EURAC research, Bolzano
Keywords: natural ventilation, free cooling, natural ventilation design, energy use reduction, interdisciplinary modeling environment
Usually maintaining required air parameters inside shopping centers is achieved with air ventilation and conditioning systems with mechanical excitation. Within the framework of European CommONEnergy project, EURAC (The European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano) specialists carries out a study to determine the potential of air ventilation and conditioning energy use reduction from cooling with natural ventilation systems in shopping center reconstruction projects.

Rules for Compliance with Highrise Buildings’ and Complexes’ Energy Efficiency Requirements, p. 48
V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering, Member of Presidium of NP ABOK
Keywords: energy efficiency, specific annual heat consumption, heating period degree days, air exchange
The first edition of draft code of rules “Highrise buildings and complexes. Design rules” is currently being discussed. The article author noticed that there is no section dedicated to energy efficiency of such buildings. The article provides justification for inclusion of not only high rise buildings energy efficiency requirements, but also measures for compliance with these requirements in these documents, including the method for calculation of heat use for heating and ventilation, hot water supply, cold supply for air conditioning, and electricity for communal needs.

On Heating Market Regulation Measures
Keywords: APRO, heating system, heating appliance certification, utility systems verification system
Roundtable discussion “Russian heating systems market - territory of equal opportunities and strict standards” took place in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on 8 April 2016 with support of the Association of Heating Radiator Manufacturers APRO.

Cleanliness Level and General Requirements for Ventilation Design in Perinatal Centers
A. P. Borisoglebskaya, Candidate of Engineering
Keywords: perinatal center, medical and preventive treatment institution, air exchange, cleanliness level, hospital-acquired infection, clean room
The word “perinatal” means “near-birth”. Perinatal medical center is a universal clinic dealing not only with delivery issues, but also with bearing, post-natal observation of mother and child, treatment and care for newborn, and covers the entire family planning cycle. That is, this is maternity hospital of wide scope. This article talks about design of climate control systems and their specifics in perinatal and maternity buildings, since both types of facilities have identical structure. For this purpose we need to talk about specifics of the buildings themselves that should be considered integrally. This includes functional-technological and architectural and spatial solutions, as well as specifics of building air mode and hygienic condition of inside air environment.

New energy efficiency classification of central air conditioners and supply and exhaust units Eurovent
Martin T?rpe, Senior Manager Systems Technology Product Management AL-KO THERM GMBH
Keywords: energy efficiency, labeling, exhaust air heat recuperation, aerodynamic resistance, fan efficiency
Requirements for energy efficiency of central air conditioners and supply and exhaust units are being constantly increased. This is related to requirements from buyers, as well as the requirements for equipment set by regulatory EU documents. Pursuant to EU Directive on environmental design No. 1253/2014, new, more stringent requirements for equipment energy efficiency came into force in January 2016.

Energy Efficient Moscow Region
Keywords: ABOK, Forum
II Forum and Exhibition “Energy Efficient Moscow Region” took place on April 27–29. The event was visited by over 2000 people – representatives of administrations, managing companies, design and engineering companies, resource supply organizations and budget organizations, equipment suppliers and manufacturers.

How much air does a person need for comfort?
E.O. Shilkrot, Candidate of Engineering, Senior Research Worker, Holder of NP ABOK award “Medal of V.N. Bogoslovskiy”, OJSC “CNIIPromzdaniy”
Yu.D. Gubernskiy, Member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Science, Institute of Human Ecology and Environment Hygiene of A.N. Sysin, Russian Academy of Medical Science
Keywords: air exchange, air distribution, air quality, pollutant concentration
Setting of optimal air environment parameters becomes especially important recently due to the need to provide a person with comfortable conditions and develop modern climate control systems. This is a fairly difficult objective. The article discusses modern methods used for definition of the minimum required air exchange that is sufficient for ensuring acceptable inside air quality.

АВОК 3\2016

Optimization of Building Technical Infrastructure. Main Provisions
Yu. A. Tabunschikov,Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute
Keywords: building technical infrastructure, inside environment quality, building technical infrastructure optimization, weighting coefficient, profitability index
Building technical infrastructure is a complex of mutually related engineering-technical devices and technologies creating the human environment or possibility of technical process.
Purpose of this article is to give a systematic overview of diverse technical infrastructure of modern buildings and try to identify the main points of its optimization.

BIM Perspectives in Russia
S. V. Zhukovskiy, Director of LLC Bureau Ecoseven, BIM Specialist (BIM AP, BRE)
Keywords: information modelling, BIM, design
Today we observe the process of implementation and development of information modelling (BIM) system in the Russian Federation. In Russia and adjacent countries information modelling, as a complete process of creation of common scope of information on real estate objects, has a specific nature due to a number of various factors.

Autonomous Heat Supply for Highrise Buildings and Complexes
A. Ya. Sharipov, Ph. D., Technical Director of LLC SanTehProekt
Keywords: highrise building, heat supply, microclimate, individual heating substation, boiler
Heat supply of a highrise building (complex) is a very difficult mechanism of functionally related equipment and utility systems that must be controlled and monitored from a single center maintaining the set microclimate parameters in rooms of different purpose.
This article is dedicated to specifics of design and location of autonomous heat sources in highrise buildings.

Stack Effect in Highrise Buildings – Problems and Solutions
Keywords: highrise building, stack effect, building envelope tightness, infiltration, exfiltration, wind pressure
In multistory buildings, and especially in highrise buildings temperature differences inside and outside of the building cause so called stack effect. HVAC systems architect and designer should take into consideration the stack effect, understand the scale of possible problems and use design solutions to reduce the possible negative impact of stack effect on operation of the building. They also have to set requirements for the builders for tightness of the building envelope. Procedures to test tightness of individual construction and room in general should be in place to control the work quality.

Design of Automatic Fire Extinguishing Devices
N. V. Smirnov, Senior Research Worker in FSBE Fire Safety research Institute of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia
Keywords: fire protection, automatic fire extinguishing equipment, fire extinguishing media, design-basis fire, surface fire extinguishing, volume fire extinguishing
Automatic fire extinguishing devices (systems) are the most efficient firefighting method. They provide for prompt and productive extinguishing (or localization) of fire without human participation with a minimum risk to human life and health.
This article provides answers to designers’ questions related to design of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

Engineering Practices in Calculation of Heat Losses Deep Underground Basements through Building Envelope through Soil

D. S. Ivanov, Engineer

E. G. Malyavina, Ph. D., National Research Moscow Engineering and Construction University

Keywords: heat losses in basements, unsteady temperature field of building envelope, heat transmission coefficient of building envelope, inside temperature, soil type
Operation of underground basements often is an indicator of insufficiency of the heating system capacity for the actual heat demand. A program for calculation of annual unstable heat mode of the soil together with the basement, where an air temperature is set for which heat losses are calculated, was developed to take into consideration various factors affecting basement heat losses.

Combined Ventilation and Air Heating Systems for Warehouses Built with Packaged Supply and Exhaust Units
D. V. Kapko, Head of Scientific Research Department in LLC NPO TERMEK
A. E. Ivanov, Chief Projects Architect in JSC CNIIPromzdaniy, Member of the Union of Architects of RF
G. V. Protasov, Chief Specialist in LLC NPO TERMEK
Keywords: air heating, ventilation, recirculation, recuperation, green standards
The Article presents a solution with a combined ventilation and air heating system for retail and warehouse complex, providing for high energy efficiency of presented design.
Architectural, design and engineering solutions in the project not only provide for high energy efficiency of the complex, but allow for green classification of the building design.

Ventilation of Apartment Buildings. Problems and Solutions
A.V. Busahin, Ph. D., Associate Professor in Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Honored Builder, Chairman of the Council of “ISZS-Montage”
Keywords: ventilation, air exchange, infiltration, air balance, supply air
Recent improvement of thermal protection of buildings due to use of high quality thermal insulation in walls and coatings, windows with enhanced resistance to heat transmission and air permeability resulted not only in reduction of residential buildings heating costs, but also in deterioration of ventilation quality that fails to provide for organized fresh air supply inside.

Climatic Parameters and Efficiency of Condensation Boilers
P. A. Havanov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Scientific Research Institute “Moscow State University of Civil Engineering”
A. S. Chulenev, Assistant, Engineer, Scientific Research Institute “Moscow State University of Civil Engineering”
Keywords: condensation boiler, exhaust gases, heat losses, coefficient of performance
The article offers selective climatic indicators that characterize the duration of boilers operation in condensation mode. Accounting for these indicators is required for analysis of the magnitude of the coefficient of performance of boiler in its annual operating cycle. The article offers the results of tests for determination of efficiency of condensation boilers and calculates the coefficient of performance of condensation boiler by time and heat flow.

Features Selection of Climatic Parameters when Designing Cooling Systems for Air Conditioning Systems
I. V. Synkov, Chief Specialist of HVAC Department in JSC Atomenergoproekt, Ph. D., Associate Professor in TMPU of Scientific research Institute MEI
N. A. Gogolev, Head of HVAC Department of JSC Atomenergoproekt
Zh. V. Prusov, Leading Engineer of HVAC Department in BPK-7, JSC Atomenergoproekt
Keywords: cold supply; air conditioning; parameters of the outside air; climatic parameters
In the article the analysis of influence of parameters of outside air on the cooling load of the air conditioning system for nuclear power plants, located in different climatic zones. To assess the needs of the used climatic data of long-term observations of meteorological stations for the areas of plant construction, the obtained JSC "Atomenergoproekt". It is shown that it is necessary to consider the duration of periods when the value of temperature and the value of enthalpy of outside air is larger than estimated.

Displacement Ventilation Systems for Industrial Buildings. Types, Field of Application, Design Principles
A. M. Zhivov, Ph. D., President of Zhivov&Associates
Peter V. Nielsen, Professor, Aalborg University (Denmark)
Gerald Riskowski, Professor, Illinois University (USA)
E. O. Shilkrot, Head of Laboratory of CNIIPromzdaniy, Vice President NP AVOK
Keywords: displacement ventilation, mixing ventilation, air-distribution, heat surpluses Almost all ventilation and air conditioning systems in USE can be classified as mixing ventilation (MV) type systems. Supply air is mixed with room air, leading to uniform distribution of temperature, relative humidity and pollutant concentration in the entire volume of ventilated room. Displacement ventilation (DV) differs by creating some non-uniformity of temperature and pollution concentration inside buildings.

АВОК 4\2016

Not thanks to, but in spite of
S. P. Cimerman, General Director at “Arctica”
Keywords: energy efficiency, import substitution, production, regulatory documents, self-regulation
Climate control equipment market in Russia is going through difficult times. Decline in the construction market, import substitution attempts… This is not a complete list of current problems. Sergey Pavlovich Cimerman, General Director at “Arctica”, shares its vision of the situation with the editorial staff.

Is carbon dioxide in residential and public buildings’ air a hazard?
Keywords: carbon dioxide, hazard, gas concentration
The question of air exchange rate regulation based on CO2 concentration in inside and outside air has been under scrutiny of the specialists for dozens of years. This material is dedicated to factors leading to occurrence of this problem.

Specifics of Utility Systems Construction and Installation
A. A. Naumov, Chief Engineer, LLC “NPO TERMEK”
Keywords: installation, design documents, acceptance certificate, utilities
Construction and installation works include several stages: organizational and technical preparation and the main period. The article offers a list and specifics of works included in these stages.

Condensation Boilers in Autonomous Heat Supply
Yu. A. Tabunnschikov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture
Keywords: autonomous heat supply, condensation, efficiency
The article discusses use of condensation equipment in autonomous heat supply systems. It offers recommendations for rational design and development of autonomous heat supply system elements using condensation boilers.

Influence of Smoke Ventilation on Operation of Automatic Fire Extinguishing Units
L. M. Meshman, Candidate of Engineering, Leading Research Workers in FGBU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia
Keywords: smoke ventilation, automatic fire extinguishing unit, heat flow rate, fire annunciator, sprinkler
This material offers answers to designers’ questions related to functioning efficiency and specific od design of automatic fire extinguishing units and smoke ventilation systems that must be installed in the same room.

Room Cooling Using Natural Ventilation in Shopping Center
Annamaria Belleri, Senior researcher at EURAC research, Bolzano
Marta Avantaggiato, PhD candidate at EURAC research, Bolzano
Keywords: natural ventilation, free cooling, natural ventilation design, energy use reduction, interdisciplinary modeling environment
Usually maintaining required air parameters inside shopping centers is achieved with air ventilation and conditioning systems with mechanical excitation. Within the framework of European CommONEnergy project, EURAC (The European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano) specialists carries out a study to determine the potential of air ventilation and conditioning energy use reduction from cooling with natural ventilation systems in shopping center reconstruction projects.

Rules for Compliance with Highrise Buildings’ and Complexes’ Energy Efficiency Requirements, p. 48
V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering, Member of Presidium of NP ABOK
Keywords: energy efficiency, specific annual heat consumption, heating period degree days, air exchange
The first edition of draft code of rules “Highrise buildings and complexes. Design rules” is currently being discussed. The article author noticed that there is no section dedicated to energy efficiency of such buildings. The article provides justification for inclusion of not only high rise buildings energy efficiency requirements, but also measures for compliance with these requirements in these documents, including the method for calculation of heat use for heating and ventilation, hot water supply, cold supply for air conditioning, and electricity for communal needs.

On Heating Market Regulation Measures
Keywords: APRO, heating system, heating appliance certification, utility systems verification system
Roundtable discussion “Russian heating systems market - territory of equal opportunities and strict standards” took place in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on 8 April 2016 with support of the Association of Heating Radiator Manufacturers APRO.

New energy efficiency classification of central air conditioners and supply and exhaust units Eurovent
Martin T?rpe, Senior Manager Systems Technology Product Management AL-KO THERM GMBH
Keywords: energy efficiency, labeling, exhaust air heat recuperation, aerodynamic resistance, fan efficiency
Requirements for energy efficiency of central air conditioners and supply and exhaust units are being constantly increased. This is related to requirements from buyers, as well as the requirements for equipment set by regulatory EU documents. Pursuant to EU Directive on environmental design No. 1253/2014, new, more stringent requirements for equipment energy efficiency came into force in January 2016.

Energy Efficient Moscow Region
Keywords: ABOK, Forum
II Forum and Exhibition “Energy Efficient Moscow Region” took place on April 27–29. The event was visited by over 2000 people – representatives of administrations, managing companies, design and engineering companies, resource supply organizations and budget organizations, equipment suppliers and manufacturers.

How much air does a person need for comfort?
E.O. Shilkrot, Candidate of Engineering, Senior Research Worker, Holder of NP ABOK award “Medal of V.N. Bogoslovskiy”, OJSC “CNIIPromzdaniy”
Yu.D. Gubernskiy, Member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Science, Institute of Human Ecology and Environment Hygiene of A.N. Sysin, Russian Academy of Medical Science
Keywords: air exchange, air distribution, air quality, pollutant concentration
Setting of optimal air environment parameters becomes especially important recently due to the need to provide a person with comfortable conditions and develop modern climate control systems. This is a fairly difficult objective. The article discusses modern methods used for definition of the minimum required air exchange that is sufficient for ensuring acceptable inside air quality.

АВОК 3\2016

Optimization of Building Technical Infrastructure. Main Provisions
Yu. A. Tabunschikov,Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute
Keywords: building technical infrastructure, inside environment quality, building technical infrastructure optimization, weighting coefficient, profitability index
Building technical infrastructure is a complex of mutually related engineering-technical devices and technologies creating the human environment or possibility of technical process.
Purpose of this article is to give a systematic overview of diverse technical infrastructure of modern buildings and try to identify the main points of its optimization.

BIM Perspectives in Russia
S. V. Zhukovskiy, Director of LLC Bureau Ecoseven, BIM Specialist (BIM AP, BRE)
Keywords: information modelling, BIM, design
Today we observe the process of implementation and development of information modelling (BIM) system in the Russian Federation. In Russia and adjacent countries information modelling, as a complete process of creation of common scope of information on real estate objects, has a specific nature due to a number of various factors.

Autonomous Heat Supply for Highrise Buildings and Complexes
A. Ya. Sharipov, Ph. D., Technical Director of LLC SanTehProekt
Keywords: highrise building, heat supply, microclimate, individual heating substation, boiler
Heat supply of a highrise building (complex) is a very difficult mechanism of functionally related equipment and utility systems that must be controlled and monitored from a single center maintaining the set microclimate parameters in rooms of different purpose.
This article is dedicated to specifics of design and location of autonomous heat sources in highrise buildings.

Stack Effect in Highrise Buildings – Problems and Solutions
Keywords: highrise building, stack effect, building envelope tightness, infiltration, exfiltration, wind pressure
In multistory buildings, and especially in highrise buildings temperature differences inside and outside of the building cause so called stack effect. HVAC systems architect and designer should take into consideration the stack effect, understand the scale of possible problems and use design solutions to reduce the possible negative impact of stack effect on operation of the building. They also have to set requirements for the builders for tightness of the building envelope. Procedures to test tightness of individual construction and room in general should be in place to control the work quality.

Design of Automatic Fire Extinguishing Devices
N. V. Smirnov, Senior Research Worker in FSBE Fire Safety research Institute of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia
Keywords: fire protection, automatic fire extinguishing equipment, fire extinguishing media, design-basis fire, surface fire extinguishing, volume fire extinguishing
Automatic fire extinguishing devices (systems) are the most efficient firefighting method. They provide for prompt and productive extinguishing (or localization) of fire without human participation with a minimum risk to human life and health.
This article provides answers to designers’ questions related to design of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

Engineering Practices in Calculation of Heat Losses Deep Underground Basements through Building Envelope through Soil

D. S. Ivanov, Engineer

E. G. Malyavina, Ph. D., National Research Moscow Engineering and Construction University

Keywords: heat losses in basements, unsteady temperature field of building envelope, heat transmission coefficient of building envelope, inside temperature, soil type
Operation of underground basements often is an indicator of insufficiency of the heating system capacity for the actual heat demand. A program for calculation of annual unstable heat mode of the soil together with the basement, where an air temperature is set for which heat losses are calculated, was developed to take into consideration various factors affecting basement heat losses.

Combined Ventilation and Air Heating Systems for Warehouses Built with Packaged Supply and Exhaust Units
D. V. Kapko, Head of Scientific Research Department in LLC NPO TERMEK
A. E. Ivanov, Chief Projects Architect in JSC CNIIPromzdaniy, Member of the Union of Architects of RF
G. V. Protasov, Chief Specialist in LLC NPO TERMEK
Keywords: air heating, ventilation, recirculation, recuperation, green standards
The Article presents a solution with a combined ventilation and air heating system for retail and warehouse complex, providing for high energy efficiency of presented design.
Architectural, design and engineering solutions in the project not only provide for high energy efficiency of the complex, but allow for green classification of the building design.

Ventilation of Apartment Buildings. Problems and Solutions
A.V. Busahin, Ph. D., Associate Professor in Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Honored Builder, Chairman of the Council of “ISZS-Montage”
Keywords: ventilation, air exchange, infiltration, air balance, supply air
Recent improvement of thermal protection of buildings due to use of high quality thermal insulation in walls and coatings, windows with enhanced resistance to heat transmission and air permeability resulted not only in reduction of residential buildings heating costs, but also in deterioration of ventilation quality that fails to provide for organized fresh air supply inside.

Climatic Parameters and Efficiency of Condensation Boilers
P. A. Havanov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Scientific Research Institute “Moscow State University of Civil Engineering”
A. S. Chulenev, Assistant, Engineer, Scientific Research Institute “Moscow State University of Civil Engineering”
Keywords: condensation boiler, exhaust gases, heat losses, coefficient of performance
The article offers selective climatic indicators that characterize the duration of boilers operation in condensation mode. Accounting for these indicators is required for analysis of the magnitude of the coefficient of performance of boiler in its annual operating cycle. The article offers the results of tests for determination of efficiency of condensation boilers and calculates the coefficient of performance of condensation boiler by time and heat flow.

Features Selection of Climatic Parameters when Designing Cooling Systems for Air Conditioning Systems
I. V. Synkov, Chief Specialist of HVAC Department in JSC Atomenergoproekt, Ph. D., Associate Professor in TMPU of Scientific research Institute MEI
N. A. Gogolev, Head of HVAC Department of JSC Atomenergoproekt
Zh. V. Prusov, Leading Engineer of HVAC Department in BPK-7, JSC Atomenergoproekt
Keywords: cold supply; air conditioning; parameters of the outside air; climatic parameters
In the article the analysis of influence of parameters of outside air on the cooling load of the air conditioning system for nuclear power plants, located in different climatic zones. To assess the needs of the used climatic data of long-term observations of meteorological stations for the areas of plant construction, the obtained JSC "Atomenergoproekt". It is shown that it is necessary to consider the duration of periods when the value of temperature and the value of enthalpy of outside air is larger than estimated.

Displacement Ventilation Systems for Industrial Buildings. Types, Field of Application, Design Principles
A. M. Zhivov, Ph. D., President of Zhivov&Associates
Peter V. Nielsen, Professor, Aalborg University (Denmark)
Gerald Riskowski, Professor, Illinois University (USA)
E. O. Shilkrot, Head of Laboratory of CNIIPromzdaniy, Vice President NP AVOK
Keywords: displacement ventilation, mixing ventilation, air-distribution, heat surpluses Almost all ventilation and air conditioning systems in USE can be classified as mixing ventilation (MV) type systems. Supply air is mixed with room air, leading to uniform distribution of temperature, relative humidity and pollutant concentration in the entire volume of ventilated room. Displacement ventilation (DV) differs by creating some non-uniformity of temperature and pollution concentration inside buildings.

АВОК 2\2016

New High-Rise Building Design Rules and Norms

A. N. Kolubkov, NP AVOK Vice-President, Director of LLC PPF AK
Keywords: high-rise building, engineering systems, regulating document, road map, design

The first edition of “High-rise buildings. Design rules” code of rules is prepared and put to public discussion. Feasibility of development of the code of rules is determined by the need to create a previously missing normative and regulatory base for actively growing high-rise construction.

The article discusses the main provisions of a draft of this document.

Use of Directional Nozzles for Air Distribution in Air Conditioning Systems

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute
M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute
Keywords: air distribution, air conditioning system, Moscow Institute of Architecture systems, air delivery velocity, air movement

The article describes a solution for conditioning air distribution using directional nozzles in a unique facility - track and field facility in Mihaylovgrad (since 1993 – Montana, Bulgaria), that was built using Moscow Institute of Architecture designed constructions.

Thermal Comfort for Men and Women – Feel the Difference

B. W. Olesen, Ph. D. Fellow REHVA and ASHRAE, Professor International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Keywords: thermal comfort, metabolism, environment temperature, microclimate

Lately in the international mass media in USA, Canada, Great Britain, Denmark and Germany we see the discussion of differences between men and women from the perspective of thermal comfort and preferable air temperature inside rooms. Let’s try to clarify this question.

Adaptive Air Pressure System with Automatically Regulated Parameters

A. V. Sverdlov, “FlaktWoods Russia” General Director
A. P. Volkov, Candidate of Engineering, Underground Structures Ventilation Systems Expert in “FlaktWoods Russia”
Keywords: smoke ventilation, pressure on windward fa?ade, air supply pressure, wind speed

One of the purposes of multistory building or multitier underground structure smoke protection system calculation is determination of parameters of the smoke exhaust fans from corridors and air supply to smoke-free staircases and to elevator shafts that ensure smoke-free conditions in staircases. This provides for protection of evacuation routes from burning areas.

Overview of Draft Changes No. 1 to SP 7.13130.2013 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements”

B. B. Kolchev, Head of Utility Equipment Fire Resistance and Smoke Protection of Buildings Department of FSBI Fire Safety Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency of Russia
Keywords: smoke ventilation, fire safety, smoke tunnel ventilation

AVOK master class dedicated to overview and clarification of changes in current regulatory documents on fire safety and smoke protection took place in December of 2015. This material is dedicated to draft changes in SP 7.13130.2013 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements.”

Use of Quasimembranes for Measurement and Regulation of Air Flow in Systems with Quantitative Regulation

E. Ya. Kernerman, Candidate of Engineering, Head of Expert-Analytical Bureau of NP “AVOK Siberia”.
A. I. Muhin, Candidate of Engineering, Executive Director of NP “AVOK Siberia”.
M. Nudelman, PE, ASHRAE Member

Keywords: quasimembrane, ventilation, air flow, air flow regulation

One of the main methods for reduction of energy costs of operation of multizone ventilation and air conditioning systems is regulation of their capacity based on changes in load in serviced rooms. Use of adaptive systems with quantitative regulation becomes efficient only when the regulating algorithm is based on the information on the air flow size (air flowrate) continuously controlled in the process of the systems operation in different modes.

This methods includes measurement and regulation of not only the air flowrate in individual zones using terminal units of VAV, FPB, etc. types, but also the total air quantity coming into the system. This allows for development of an optimal system operation algorithm and improvement of the energy efficiency of its operation.

This article is dedicated to a narrower question: optimization of the methods of measurement of the total air flowrate coming into the system (or removed from it).

Energy Efficient Ventilation of Hot Shops in Public Catering Enterprises

A. V. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering, Halton Vice-President
Keywords: air flowrate, aerodynamic characteristics, CFD models, adaptive ventilation, balancing valve

Restaurants are considered public buildings with the highest specific energy consumption per unit of area. And the main energy consumers are kitchen equipment and HVAC system, their total contribution is up to 80% of the total energy consumed by restaurants. The path to development of an energy efficient design of a restaurant always starts from a heat source – from the food production technology and kitchen equipment. Low efficiency devices of high power additionally heat up the production area and require high air exchange rate, i.e. increase the energy consumption for HVAC. More efficient kitchen equipment, such as induction cookers and combination steam ovens, spends less energy on heat production and does not heat up the production area as much, thus reducing the energy consumption for kitchen ventilation and cooling.

The next step towards an energy efficient design is HVAC system optimization – the subject of this article. Air flowrate through kitchen exhaust is the most important element of an HVAC design, since it dictates the amount of energy consumed by hot shop ventilation system. And really, the higher air flowrate through local exhausts leads to higher consumption by motors of exhaust and supply fans, and the energy required for cooling or heating of air supplied to production area to compensate for the exhaust.

Energy Conservation and Climatology

V. K. Savin, Head of Thermal Physics and Building Climatology Laboratory of NIISPh, Associate Member of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Science
Keywords: energy conservation, climate, buildings, construction district, norms, harmonization, global warming

In order to supply the building industry with source data for design, the existing climatic impacts was adjusted and new hourly indicators of climatic impact on buildings and structures was developed. It was shown that norms were not updated for a long time. They did not take into account the global warming and contain an insufficient set of climatic characteristics for design of energy efficient buildings.

Principles of Construction of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat and Cold Supply Systems in Cultural Buildings

Ya. G. Kronfeld
Keywords: temperature and moisture conditions, water based heating systems, air based heating systems, air distribution, microclimate

In addition to the various factors affecting the construction of heating and ventilation systems in cultural buildings, one of the most important ones is creation of favorable climatic conditions allowing to use them as buildings for museums and churches. The designed systems must ensure the required parameters inside rooms, taking into consideration the conditions common for their designation.

АВОК 1\2016

A building must think. New Year’s essay

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, President of NP «AVOK»

Keywords: building, environment, modelling, smart building, mathematical model

Author does not suppose that building will think like a person, but believes that a building, and namely all of its parts, will form a single interrelated intellectual system able to model interaction with the surrounding world, inside environment and humans, and, the most important – it will be able to learn thus increasing its intellectual level. Therefore the term “thinking building” will mean that the building, as an intellectual system in the process of its functioning takes more and more correct decisions on the basis of its self-education, self-learning.

Heating Systems – Modern Solutions

Keywords: heating, radiant heating, individual apartment heating system, horizontal heating system, built-in convector, gas infrared radiator

The modern building industry offers a wide selection of heating equipment and technologies. In particular, these include individual apartment water based heating systems with different heating appliances; air based heating systems combined with ventilation systems; floor heating systems; panel-radiant heating systems; heating systems with infrared radiators…

Selection of heating systems and appliances depends on many factors, main of which are an ability to maintain the design air temperature in serviced rooms during the entire heating period; compliance with the energy efficient requirements; safety for life and health of residents and maintenance staff; protection of large glass surfaces from condensation; providing a possibility to adjust the air-heating mode inside rooms; reliability, duration and repair ability. Also one should take into consideration climatic conditions, thermos-technical characteristics of building envelope, architecture and designation of a building (residential, public, production), size of serviced rooms, their category, etc.

Supply and Exhaust Ventilation with Mechanical Excitation in Individual Residential Buildings: Problems, Mistakes, Solutions

Atze Boerstra MSc., BBA Indoor Environmental Consultancy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Jaap Balvers MSc., BBA Indoor Environmental Consultancy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Keywords: supply and exhaust ventilation, mechanical ventilation, microclimate, exhaust air heat recuperation

In “Discussion club” section of the previous issue the magazine editorial has published opinions of national and foreign experts on application of mechanical ventilation systems in residential building. Discussion of this material in AVOK forums has demonstrated: specialists believe that under the current economic conditions and low qualification of the service staff the widespread switching to mechanical ventilation in residential buildings is not possible, and experience of foreign countries has limited application in our country. We offer our readers a material dedicated to application of mechanical ventilation systems in individual residential buildings using the Netherlands as an example. In this article the authors tries to analyze typical complaints and, taking into consideration their experience in design, installation and operation of ventilation systems, offer the specialists and users advices on how to avoid problems and improve the quality of microclimate in buildings equipped with mechanical ventilation systems.

Air Distribution in School Classrooms

Risto Kosonen, Aalto University, Finland
Panu Mustakallio, Halton Oy, Finland

Keywords: air distribution, school, heat gains, heat losses

One of the main reasons for low quality of microclimate in school classrooms – incorrect selection of air distribution devices. Finish specialists have compared the most common air distribution solutions for warm and cold periods of the year. The comparison results are presented in this article.

Acoustic Сomfort: how to make a low-noise mechanical ventilation

V. A. Hroshin, Technical Director at “Blagovest-C+”

Keywords: ventilation system, ventilation channel, noise, sound pressure level

If the ventilation is already installed, most likely you will not be able to radically improve its acoustic characteristics. It is cheaper to install a new low-noise ventilation system. Low-noise ventilation system must be designed by an experienced designer, and installed only by qualified installers. And for the client it is better to not just seat waiting, but to critically assess equipment and technical solutions used in the project, as well as the main stages of installation and startup works.

In this material we offer several practical advices designed to assist clients who order low-noise ventilation systems for apartments and cottages.

Impact of Internal Heat Gains on Selection of Building Envelope and Volume-Spatial Solutions

V. I. Kostin, Doctor of Engineering, Professors, Novosibirsk Architecture and Construction University (Sibstrin)

Keywords: internal heat gains, building envelope, microclimate

The cost of artificial cooling of buildings depends not only on climatic conditions, but also on the type of building envelope. This article demonstrates the possibility of constructing buildings with non-stationary internal heat gains made of light two-layer constructions. As a constructive layer it is possible to use brick layer 0.38 m thick, prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete.

Condition and Perspectives of Assessment of Conformity of buildings to the Fire Safety Requirements

E. A. Meshalkin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Vice-President for Science in NPO Puls

Keywords: regulatory document, special technical specification, code of rules, fire safety, fire risk

Fire safety is one of the components of the country’s national security. Modern trends of the economic integration of Russian and European countries, initiatives in development of international cooperation dictate the needs for unified normative-technical regulation, including in fire safety. During development of Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical regulations on fire safety requirements” the authors have included the basis of harmonization of Russian norms and European ones. Development of European approach in Russia to fire safety regulation in construction using the mechanisms for evaluation of conformity to fire safety requirements requires further improvement of fire risks estimation methods for various objects, including the ones with mass presence of people. The article discusses the perspectives of legislation development in this area.

Technical Assets Management

Henning Balck, Professor, Balck + Partner / IPS – Institute of Design Methods and Service Technologies, Heidelberg, Germany

Keywords: maintenance and repair, investments, life cycle of assets, service life, strategic components method

Increasing age of building equipment requires higher spending on maintenance and repairs (hereinafter – MaR) and, at the same time, limits the timeframe for the capital investments. The main costs component is the constantly growing number of repairs, difficultly forecasted and becoming more complicated modernization and rehabilitation of buildings’ infrastructure. We need new strategies that hold back the growth of such costs. This is possible through integration of MaR methods and energy efficiency, taking into consideration the life cycle of assets. In this magazine issue the editorial publishes an article dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of this issue. Translation and editing, as well as comments to this materials is provided by buildings automation expert V.V. Ilyin (LLC Loy & Hutz Rus).

Association of Heating Radiator Manufacturers – Protection of Consumers from Low Quality and Unsafe Heating Appliances

Keywords: Association of Heating Radiator Manufacturers, Heating Radiator, heating system

Hearing on “Protection of Consumers from Low Quality and Unsafe Heating Appliances” took place in Public Chamber of the Russian Federation on 15 December 2015. The hearing was organized by Association of Heating Radiators Manufacturers “APRO”.

AVOK Webinars – New Buildings Online

Keywords: ABOK, webinar, improve the qualification of specialists, education

ABOK Webinars are a demanded by the engineering community project of NP AVOK created to improve the qualification of specialists: dissemination of information about the new equipment, technologies, design and regulatory documents, software, as well as information support of specialists in Russia and abroad. AVOK Webinar is an interactive video-presentation during which the speaker (or a group of specialists) answers to questions of Webinar participants in the online mode.

Principles of Construction of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat and Cold Supply Systems in Cultural Buildings

Ya.G. Kronfeld, Engineer

Keywords: temperature and moisture conditions, water based heating systems, air based heating systems, air distribution, microclimate

2015

№ 1/2015

Professional Engineers’ Union

Yu.A. Tabunschikov, President of PN “AVOK”

Keywords: NP AVOK, engineer, occupational standard, attestation

The National Association “Chamber of automation, ventilation, heating, air conditioning, heat supply, power supply, water supply and removal, gas supply for buildings and structures and building thermal physics engineers” was created on 29 September 2014 and registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 23 October 2014. The article presents the main objectives and areas of the Association’s work.

Energy Efficient Solution for an Airport Ventilation System

S. V. Krupenya, General Director of “IONAIR KLIMAT”

Keywords: airport terminals, energy efficiency, air quality

Today airport terminals in Russia do not meet the modern requirements for the comfort of passengers, as well as employees of the complex itself. In order to improve the air quality airports need to look for innovative systems to meet the changing market demands, on one hand, and to prevent an increase in the current maintenance costs, on the other hand – in other words, to ensure energy efficiency of innovations.

СО₂ – Ventilation Systems’ Efficiency Criterion

A. L. Naumov, Candidate of Engineering, General Director of LLC NPO TERMEK

D. V. Kapko, Chief Specialist at LLC NPO TERMEK

Keywords: air quality, carbon dioxide, air exchange, energy efficiency, energy saving.

Ecologists, doctors, diagnosts, as well as engineers, ventilation and air conditioning system designers pay special attention to the impact of building air quality on the people’s wellbeing. Human’s physical condition depends on the air quality: with bad air quality people feel sick, lose concentration, develop diseases, etc.

Smoke Exhaust Ventilation Systems

Keywords: smoke exhaust ventilation, fire safety

As the practice shows, compliance with fire safety requirements during the design of smoke exhaust ventilation systems is a difficult task that brings more questions than answers. The December ABOK workshop – “Smoke exhaust systems. Design concepts according to Construction Rules SP 7.13130 and SP 154.13130 and Special Technical Regulation STU with deviation from the current regulatory documents” – was held to help the designers in this complex issue. The event was attended by 150 specialists from 20 Russian cities and towns.

In this article the editorial staff answers to certain questions asked to B.B. Kolchev during the workshop.

Air Flow Reverse in Longitudinal Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust in Underground and Covered Parking Lots

A.P. Volkov, Candidate of Engineering, Expert in Underground Facilities Ventilation Systems at “Flakt Woods Russia”

A.V. Sverdlov, General Director “Flakt Woods Russia”

Keywords: jet ventilation system, smoke exhaust, parking lot, fan capacity

The article analyzes European experience in design of longitudinal ventilation system using jet fans installed on floor slabs of already built facilities. Purpose of the article – to demonstrate feasibility of using longitudinal jet ventilation systems with air flow reversing inside covered and underground parking lots.

People, Passion, Performance. Inaugural Address of ASHRAE President

Thomas H. Phoenix, 2014 – 2015 ASHRAE President

Keywords: ASHRAE, performance, building energy quotient, building energy disclosure

AVOK magazine has repeatedly published Inaugural Addresses of ASHRAE Presidents.

In this issue we publish the Inaugural Address of 2014 – 2015 ASHRAE President Thomas H. Phoenix that defines the priority objectives of AHSRAE – improvement of buildings’ energy efficiency and development of the most technically achievable energy saving solutions, as well as creation of commonly approved procedure for assessment of energy efficiency of buildings.

Energy use in buildings: analysis and evaluation methods

Shuqin Chen, Research Center of Green Building and New Energy, Shanghai, China

Hiroshi Yoshino, Department of architecture and building science, Tohoku University, Japan

Keywords: energy use, monitoring, data collection.

One of the most significant barriers for achieving the goal of substantially improving energy efficiency of buildings is the lack of knowledge about the factors determining the energy use.

Acoustic Parameters of Flexible Air Ducts used in HVAC Systems

V.P. Gusev, Head of NIISPh RAASN Laboratory

M.Yu. Leshko, Senior Research Assistant, NIISPh

A.V. Sidorina, Senior Research Assistant, NIISPh RAASN

Keywords: flexible air duct, acoustic parameters, aerodynamic characteristics, acoustic performance

The practice of design and operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) in residential and public buildings widely uses the so called flexible air ducts, the advantages of which before the standard ones include simplicity, convenient installation and low space demand. Flexible air ducts efficiently reduce the aerodynamic noise inside of them created by different HVAC system elements, but are limited in reduction of air noise radiated by their walls into the surrounding environment. Results of research of the acoustic parameters of flexible air ducts on an aeroacoustic test stand in NIISPh RAASN are presented in this article.

№ 2/2015

AVOK – 2015

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, President of NP AVOK, Professor

Keywords: AVOK, recommendations AVOK, conference, webinar

The Mission of NP AVOK – to facilitate achievement of sustainable development of the building industry through scientific and technical advancements that ensure high quality of the human environment. The article gives a short overview of the organization’s history and updated action plan for 2015.

Special Aspects of Applying the Requirements of Technical Regulations, Codes of Rules and Special Technical Regulations in Design of Smoke Exhaust Ventilation

E. A. Meshalkin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Vice President for Science at NPO Puls.

Keywords: special technical regulations, STR, fire protection, smoke protection

The existing constantly expanding system of regulatory documents (dealing not only with fire safety) is far from being perfect, often superfluous and does not allow the investors and developers to choose economically and functionally efficient architectural, space-planning, structural and engineering solutions. The article offers an overview of the current regulatory framework in smoke protection, and analyzes the possibilities for its improvement.

AVOK Standard “Recommendations on Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems”

Keywords: standard, ventilation system, air conditioning system, energy efficiency, energy labeling

AVOK Standard “Recommendations on Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems” was developed by specialists from LLC “NPO TERMEK”, NP “AVOK” and LLC “INNOVENT” with support from the Ministry of Education and Science of RF, United Nations Development Program, GEF “Standards and labeling for promotion of energy efficiency in the Russian Federation” to provide information support to specialists during design, installation and operation of ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Design Phase Commissioning

Dave Mcfarlane, member Ashrae; Thomas Farmer, P.E., member Ashrae

Keywords: commissioning, Certified Commissioning Authority, project design manual

With this publication AVOK magazine editorial staff continues the series of articles that address a crucial and relevant subject: the operational aspect has to be taken into consideration during all stages of the building creation. And here there is a number of pitfalls that have to be efficiently avoided. This is not something that is taught in school, but, first of all, the accumulated practical experience.

Energy Efficiency and HVAC Systems in Existing and Historic Buildings

Livio de Santoli, Universit? degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, President of AiCARR
Francesca R. d’Ambrosio Alfano, Universit? degli Studi di Salerno, AiCARR

Keywords: historic building, energy efficiency, heating system, ventilation system, air conditioning system

The problem of rehabilitation of historic buildings is one of the key issues for reduction of the energy use in Europe. And this is precisely the question addressed by the manual on energy rehabilitation developed by Italian Association of Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Specialists (AiCARR). The article discusses the main provisions of this manual

Energy Saving Heat Recuperation System in a New Perinatal Center

O. Ya. Kokorin, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
A. P. Inkov, Candidate off Engineering, Director of LLC “Ecoterm”
N. V. Tovaras, Candidate of Engineering, General Director of LLC “NPF Himholodservice”

Keywords: heat recuperation, energy efficiency, heat supply, air exchange, exhaust air heat recuperation

Two-stage design of large facilities frequently leads to situations when design documents for “General design” and “Detailed design” stages are prepared by two different organizations. At the same time, specifications for connection to the heating networks are defined and approved during the first stage of the project, and further modification of the specifications, if needed, bears financial, time and organizational costs. One of the ways to avoid this problem is by using energy saving technologies in the project, that allow for more efficient use of the thermal energy received from the district networks for the building utility systems.

Energy Consumption and Aerodynamic Resistance of a Mechanical Ventilation System

Cristiano Vergani

Keywords: mechanical ventilation, aerodynamic resistance, air filtration, filter life cycle, Eurovent

Ventilation and air conditioning systems in public buildings account for 30% of the total energy consumption. A significant share of energy in mechanical ventilation systems is spent to overcome the aerodynamic resistance in the network – air preparation system and air ducts. The amount of pressure drop across filters is directly proportional to their efficiency level and is ultimately determined by the filtration quality of air supplied to a space. The demand for efficient air cleaning is growing. At the same time efforts are being put in reduction of energy consumption by air cleaning systems.

Efficient Conditioning of Production Spaces with High Heat Load

A. S. Rubtsov, General Director of LLC “Vent-Design”

Keywords: ventilation system, ID-diagram, heat load, heat exchanger, filter

The article takes a look at a process section of production of different components of wafers in one of Siberian’ plant. The presented solution allows for reduction of loads on the cooling system.

Software for HVAC Systems

Keywords: AVOK, conference

XVII Conference and Expo “Software for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, water supply, heat supply and automation systems. Design, calculations, equipment selection” took place in Moscow on 11–12 February 2015.

Global Trends in Ventilation Standards Development

P. Ole Fanger

Keywords: ventilation, pollutant sources, indoor air quality, filtration

Why do we ventilate buildings and how intensive does the ventilation have to be? These are the underlying questions that engineers, architects and hygienists have been trying to answer for the last two hundred years. Over these years the ideas that ventilation is based on underwent dramatic changes. Ventilation standards are currently being revised in different parts of the world. The article discusses the general trends of this process and looks at them from the historic perspective.

№ 3/2015

Microclimate and Air Quality in Office Buildings. Comparison of Russian and EU Norms

V. V. Ustinov, Executive Director of LLC Lindab

Keywords: microclimate parameters, thermal effect

Today’s design market offers such service, as “adaptation” of projects developed in the EU to the Russian norms. A designer usually tries to maximally preserve the existing solutions, checking for their compliance with rules and norms in effect in Russia. The article analyzes differences in approach to definition of the microclimate parameters. The main accent is made on HVAC systems that maintain the required microclimate in administrative buildings. The article discusses general requirements established for office spaces by Russian norms. The main objective of the work is to determine the main differences between national and European methods.

Microclimate Parameters of Utility Systems’ Design and Assessment of Building Energy Efficiency

B. W. Olesen, Ph.D. Fellow REHVA and ASHRAE, Professor International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

Keywords: microclimate, standard, quality of microclimate, thermal comfort, air exchange, outside air flowrate

This article discusses the main methods and innovations in new all-European regulatory documents – standards EN16798-1, prEN 16798-1 and Technical Report prTR 16798-2.

Air Conditioning Systems in Iceberg Winter Sports Complex

Keywords: air conditioning, air distribution, supply air

In this magazine issue the editors are offering readers a chapter from book by M.G. Tarabanov “Air conditioning. Part 1”, dedicated to air conditioning systems in Iceberg Winter Sports Complex, built for figure skating and short-track competitions during the Olympics in Sochi. This unique and extremely complex facility required new principal solutions from the designers for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and heat and cold supply systems.

Special Aspects of Applying the Requirements of Technical Regulations, Codes of Rules and Special Technical Regulations in Design of Smoke Exhaust Ventilation

E. A. Meshalkin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Vice President for Science at NPO Puls.

Keywords: special technical regulations, STR, fire protection, smoke protection

Feasibility Study of Thermal Protection of Buildings

I. N. Kovalev, Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor at Rostov State University of Railroad Transport (Rostov-na-Donu)

Keywords: energy conservation, thermal protection of buildings, coefficient of economic efficiency of investments

Specialists have repeated raised the question of feasibility of enhancement of thermal protection of buildings, selection of insulation thickness. From the thermal engineering perspective it is possible to calculate the minimum acceptable thermal insulation thickness. Further achievement of the task of determining the optimal thermal insulation thickness is sealing with economic calculations. We will consider some principles of rational decision making for implementation of energy saving technologies.

Gas-Driven Multizone Climate Control System

A. N. Kolubkov, Vice President NP AVOK, Director of LLC PPF AK

Keywords: gas-driven system, GHP system, internal combustion engine, heat recuperation, heat exchange unit

There is a number of interesting modern solutions dealing with comfort that achieve the objectives of hot water supply in parallel or separately. One of the solutions for achievement of comfortable energy efficient climate is presented in this article. The article talks about GHP (Gas Heat Pump) – gas-driven multizone climate control system.

Comparison of Energy Efficiency of Steel Panel Radiators

Mikk Maivel, Tallinn University of Technology

Martin Konzelmann, WTP W?rmetechnische Pr?fgesellschaft mbH

Jarek Kurnitski, Tallinn University of Technology

Keywords: water heating system, radiators, heat flow, energy efficiency, radiant temperature, resultant temperature

The article discusses the results of comparison of parameters of radiators with parallel and serial connection of panels. The results show that serial connection of panels allows for an increase in the room radiant temperature, however they did not show any noticeable difference in energy efficiency and energy consumption between compared elements.

Methods Inform Decisions on the Choice of Composition Equipment Innovative Projects

A. V. Samkov, Ph.D., Professor, Department of economic disciplines Smolensk branch of VPO «REU them. G. V. Plekhanov»

A.V. Zyatkova, assistant professor, Department of natural sciences and the humanities Smolesnk branch VPO «REU them. G. V. Plekhanov»

Keywords: innovative projects, the task of choosing the method for the analyst hierarchies.

This paper proposes methods for solving problems of choice of equipment with the technical and economic feasibility of projects and provide decision support. On the example of selecting samples of boiler equipment solved the problem of comparative evaluation and selection using a set of methods: the analytic hierarchy process, network analysis and pattern recognition. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods, practical recommendations for their use.

Methods for Justification of Decisions in Equipment Selection for Innovation Projects

A.V. samkov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor of the School of Economics, Smolensk Branch of FGBOU VPO “Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plehanov”

A.V. Zyatkova, Associate Professor of the School of Natural Sciences and Humanitarian Studies, Smolensk Branch of FGBOU VPO “Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plehanov”

Keywords: innovation projects, selection objective, hierarchies analysis method

The article offers methods of achievement of objectives of selecting equipment for feasibility justification of projects and support of solutions. Using boiler equipment selection as an example, the solution is presented for objective of comparative assessment and their selection using a set of methods: analysis of hierarchies, analysis of networks and identification of images.

Energy Conservation Engineering and Microclimate Quality

Keywords: NP AVOK, conference, microclimate

XVII NP AVOK Conference “Efficient heating, ventilation, air conditioning and heat supply systems”, which has already became a tradition, took place in Saint Petersburg on 20 March 2015. The conference was supplemented with AVOK master-class on smoke exhaust ventilation systems.

AVOK Workshops and Master Classes

Keywords: NP AVOK, master classes, workshop

The article talks about AVOK field master classes and workshops held in 2014 and started in this year.

Design of Air Exchange Systems for Buildings with Performance Halls

T.S. Shubina, Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor at Moscow Institute of Architecture

Keywords: microclimate, air exchange, air distribution device

When designing a performance arts buildings, the most responsible and most difficult solution from architectural and microclimate engineering perspective is the performance hall with its stage. This material is dedicated to design specifics of such facilities.

№ 4/2015

Professional Knowledge Sustainability Strategy

M. M. Brodach, Vice-President of NP “AVOK”, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute

Keywords: AVOK webinars, congress tour, online calculations, AVOK workshop

The classical education system is relying on fundamental scientific knowledge gained in universities with its subsequent perfection during routine work, but mainly – thanks to participation in scientific conferences and reading of publications in professional magazines.

Smoke Exhaust Ventilation Systems

Keywords: smoke protection, smoke suction device, smoke exhaust ventilation

Fulfilment of the fire safety requirements during design of smoke exhaust ventilation systems is a difficult task that often raises many questions for designers. Each fire safety requirement has to be correlated with specific terms of the design, the designer needs to analyze utility systems design criteria, correctness of the assignment issued to the architects, draftsmen and process engineers.

In this magazine issue questions of specialists related to fire safety and smoke exhaust ventilation are answered by Head of the Engineering Equipment Fire Resistance and Smoke Protection of Buildings and Structures Sector of the Department of Fire Resistance of Building Structures and Engineering Equipment FGBU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia Boris Borisovich Kolchev.

High-Rise Complex “Federation Tower”

I. N. Smirnova, General Director of LLC Design Bureau “Rimax”

N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute

Keywords: high-rise complex, fire compartment, supply ventilation system, exhaust ventilation system, cold supply, excessive heat, air exchange, heat gain

High-Rise Complex “Federation Tower” is a unique structure, claiming the title of the highest building not only in Russia, but in Europe as well. A series of articles will discuss specifics of engineering solutions used in the complex.

Vapor-Condensate Systems: Specifics of Application and Operation

Keywords: vapor-condensate system, heat supply, water hammer, thermal insulation

A Webinar took place in March of this year, dedicated to modern efficient vapor-condensate systems. This material talks about the specifics of use, operation and regulation of such systems that were covered during webinar. Lecturer – Marina Viktorovna Kuzmenko, Senior Engineer of Vapor-Condensate Systems Department at ADL.

Ventilation for non-residential buildings – Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning system

C. H?ndel, Convenor CEN/TC 156 WG20: Revision of EN 13779, European Ventilation Industry Association (EVIA), Fachverband Gebдude-Klima e.V. (FGK)

Keywords: ventilation, ventilation rate, specific fan power, heat recovery

Over almost 10 years, EN 13779 ventilation for nonresidential buildings – performance requirements for ventilation and roomconditioning systems is used as a basic standard for the design of ventilation systems within Europe (draft in 2003 and EN in 2007). The standard specifies a common understanding of ventilation systems in Europe and provides a classification system for key performance data.

Aerodynamics of Development Areas and Buildings

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences

M. N. Efremov, Engineer, NP AVOK

Keywords: aerodynamics, wind pressure, aerodynamic coefficient, building flowover, building air conditions

Questions of development areas and building aerodynamics were always considered quite important, and on a number of occasions – determinative for building ventilation design and inside building airflow calculations, evaluation of the building’s impact on the aerodynamic conditions of the adjacent territories, selection of the building envelope with the required air permeability, location of supply and exhaust devices and their construction.

Also, significant pressure difference on windward and leeward building exterior surfaces can create strong air flows inside buildings, requiring special measures: airlocking of entrance doors, staircases, air-tightening of garbage chutes, etc. And there is a number of issues dealing with aerodynamics of development areas and buildings, including dissipation of hazardous substances, location of pedestrian walkways, formation of snow deposits, etc.

Russian Green Standard for World Cup 2018 Stadiums

Keywords: green standard, football stadium, rating system, environment protection, resource conservation

On March, 31, “Russia-2018” steering committee held a workshop on implementation of green standards for construction of football stadiums for the World Cup. The workshop was attended by representatives of the developers and design organizations, regional nature protection agencies, international and Russian experts in environmental construction. Pursuant to the FIFA requirements, all stadiums must pass environmental certification before the beginning of World Cup 2018 according to one of the chosen standards, including the national one. Workshop organizer: M. S. Verhunova, “Sustainable Development” Unit Director, “Russia-2018” Steering Committee.

Resolution of Air Distribution Problems in a Wrestling Sport Hall

D. M. Denisihina, CJSC “Byuro tehniki”

R. Zh. Shupasheva, CJSC “Byuro tehniki”

A. N. Kolubkov, LLC PPF “AK”

Keywords: air distribution, temperature pattern, velocity field, mathematic modeling

Air distribution is the final type of air treatment in ventilation and air conditioning systems, and it practically completely defines the functionality of future systems, affecting the efficiency of design solutions, and, therefore, feasibility of investment in the utility systems.

The article presents a solution for development of an efficient air exchange and air distribution system in a wrestling sports hall with bleachers for 500 visitors in a newly designed sports school building.

Calculation of Air Conditioning Systems with Central Air Conditioners and Fan Сoils

M.G. Tarabanov, Vice-President of NP “AVOK”, Candidate of Engineering

Keywords: central air conditioner, fan coil, I-d diagram, heat and moisture balance of a room

Office and multifunction buildings, shopping centers, hotels and other facilities widely use air conditioning systems with central air conditioners that supply a certain design outside air quantity to a room, and fan coils as terminal units-coolers. Without giving much attention to advantages and disadvantages of such systems, we believe that in some cases such choice is just an unjustified tribute to the fashion.

The purpose of this article – is to provide a calculation method for an air conditioning system (ACS) with fan coils, including plotting of air treatment processes on I-d diagram and selection of fan coils based on their operating mode.

The National Association “AVOK Chamber” in Novosibirsk

Keywords: AVOK, conference, workshop

III Conference “Design experience, technical solutions and equipment of energy efficient engineering systems of buildings and structures. Green construction technologies.” took place in Novosibirsk on April 7^th, 2015. The Conference included AVOK Workshop “Efficiency analysis for technical solutions in multistory and high-rise buildings based on the result of their operation”.

Sapporo Sport Complex – New Technical Solutions

Keywords: stadium, double arena, ventilation, air conditioning

The article talks about the technical concepts implemented during construction of Sapporo Sports Complex for 2002 football and professional baseball world cups.

№ 5/2015

Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Architecture as the Development Vectors

G. V. Esaulov, Academician, Provost at Moscow Architecture Institute (MArchI)

Keywords: sustainable architecture, energy efficiency, green construction, environmental sustainability, rating system

The work of modern architects and city developers, engineers and technologists involved in various areas of design and construction, development and production of new materials, structures and technologies is closely related to the general trends of the socioeconomic development. More and more projects and buildings referred to as sustainable, green, environmentally sustainable, environmental, energy efficient and other similar terms. Their appearance is driven by the sustainable development model.

Obligatory Requirements for Design Documentation after 1 July 2015. Expert’s and Engineer’s Opinion

A. N. Kolubkov, Vice-President of NP AVOK, Director of LLC PPF AK, Expert at LLC Mosekspert.

Keywords: design documentation, code of rules, design, operation, expertise

The new stage of the expert community’s lie is coming, and we will live by its rules for the next 4 – 5 years. Therefore we need to address certain issues related to the design documentation.

Energy Efficiency, Life Cycle Cost and Green Standards

A. L. Naumov, Vice-President of NP AVOK, Candidate of Engineering, General Director of LLC NPO TERMEK.

D. V. Kapko, Chief Specialist at LLC NPO TERMEK.

O. S. Sudyina, LLC NPO TERMEK, Engineer at OJSC “Central Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Buildings”.

Keywords: life cycle costs, green standard, green building, energy conservation

Investors in construction of residential and public buildings designed for sale are not interested in minimization of the life cycle costs of projects, since the economy of operating costs during the life cycle is borne by the property buyers. A mechanism that will stimulate the investor can be a higher selling price of energy efficient building that meets the green construction criteria compared to a traditional building.

Start-up and Adjustment of Demand Controlled Ventilation

Mads Mysen, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, Norway

Peter G. Schild, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, Norway

Axel Cabl?, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, Norway

John Woollett, Swegon Air Academy, Sweden

Keywords: energy consumption, demand controlled ventilation, specific fan capacity, energy efficiency, system balancing

The article gives short description of the elements of creation of a demand controlled ventilation system that deserve special attention: energy efficiency and operational precision of the system; balancing and operation of the system.

Radiant Panel Building Heating and Cooling Systems

Keywords: energy efficiency, climate control systems, radiant panel heating and cooling systems, heat transfer media, heat rejection

Today specialists are becoming more and more interested in energy efficient climate control systems that can use low-temperature heat transfer media in heating mode and high-temperature heat transfer media in the cooling mode. Such systems include in particular radiant panel heating and cooling systems that an AVOK Webinar was dedicated to. The material provides answers to the most interesting questions raised during the event.

Engineering Equipment within a Complex Building Safety System

Keywords: climate control system, building safety system, pollutant, air filter, filtration, air intake

Building engineering equipment can constitute a risk factor in case of an environmental catastrophe, the most extreme form of which can include terrorist attacks using biological materials. On the other hand, when engineering systems are designed taking these risks into consideration, such systems can protect people inside the building. This is especially important for ensuring safety of public buildings where a large number of people can accumulate.

Modern Trends in Arrangement of Ventilation in Apartments of Multistory Residential Buildings

Keywords: ventilation system, natural ventilation, exhaust ventilation system, plenum valve, breather, ventilator

Natural ventilation systems are the most common ventilation systems for multi-apartment residential buildings widely used in mass construction even today. The main reasons for using such systems in construction are clear: simplicity and practically no operating costs. However shortcomings of such systems are also well known. These include passing of odors from one apartment to another, possibility of draughts during the cold season and in windy weather, dependence of air exchange on permeability of building envelope, outside air temperature and floor height where the apartment is located.

Source Data for Annual Heat Consumption Calculation in Buildings in Russia

V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering

Keywords: heat consumption, heat gain, specific internal heat gain

The article offers a chart of specific internal heat gains during the business hours and duration of their use in residential and public buildings of various purpose. Heat gains include heat input from people, lighting, electrical equipment and appliances used (in residential buildings this includes heat input from district hot water supply system) for calculation of annual building heat consumption used for evaluation of energy efficiency of newly built, reconstructed and capitally renovated buildings.

59^th REHVA General Assembly

Keywords: REHVA, AVOK, conference

The Annual meeting of the Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Associations (REHVA) General Assembly and Conference took place in Riga on 6–9 May 2015.

Energy Service Activities Today

Keywords: AVOK, conference, energy service activities

V Conference and Exhibition “Energy Service Activities Today – Practice and Investment Attractiveness of Energy Saving Projects” took place in Moscow on 21 May 2015.

Ventilation in Residential Buildings with Typical Design

I. E. Vigdergauz, engineer

Keywords: ventilation, individual apartment ventilation system, exhaust ventilation with natural excitation, mechanical ventilation.

In “Occupation History Pages” section the editorial staff offers an article dedicated to individual apartment ventilation system. The material was published in 1938 in the third edition of “Heating and ventilation” magazine.

№ 6/2015

New Possibilities in Promotion of the Business of NP AVOK Members

V. V. Potapov, NP AVOK Executive Director

Keywords: AVOK, committee, catalogue

For many years NP AVOK worked on promotion of sustainable development of production, commercial and scientific-educational activities of its members. In the current situation in Russia NP AVOK is seeking new mechanisms for achievement of its objectives, and one of them – creation of a single platform for cooperation between the partnership members and potential clients using the Business to Business model.

Business to Business (B2B) is a term that describes the type of informational and economic interaction between organizations aimed at improvement of the efficiency of companies’ work and mutually beneficial cooperation.

Recommendations on HVAC Design for Sports Facilities

Keywords: sports facility, ventilation, air conditioning, air exchange, heat load

Number of structures designed for sports events is relatively small. At the same time, such facilities often feature certain architectural peculiarities therefore their design often presents a design task pretty untypical and insufficiently elaborated. Large dimensions, accumulation of a large number of people in a limited space, diverse building use possibilities – all these circumstances present difficulties for designers.

Architect’s opinion on Sustainable Development and Green Construction

Keywords: sustainable development, green construction, ecosystem, ecological balance, microclimate

Today the global building industry is demonstrating an unbelievable interest in design and construction of green buildings. The technical components of the green buildings design and construction is based on building rating systems that view a building as a green construction object. Beyond that there is individual understanding and attitude of an architect, as a philosopher and an ideologist, towards creation of green facilities. The article offers opinions of some architects on green construction and the role of sustainability in the project.

Air Duct Density Classes

V. V. Ustinov, LLC Lindab Executive Director

Keywords: air duct, density class, air duct airtightness class, air leak, pressure

The modern ventilation system quality standards put more and more significance in such parameters as airtightness of air ducts.

Smoking Zone in a lobby. Example project

Keywords: smoking zone, ventilation, concentration of tobacco smoke, air quality

The article offers the organization of smoking zones in the lobby on the example of the project, implemented at the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology.

A smoking zone was established in the lobby of the premises of Building Engineering at the technical university in Delft. Apart from being an area for smokers, this is also used as a test room for research activities.

Regulation of Annual Electricity Consumption in Residential Buildings including for common needs

V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering

Keywords: specific annual electricity consumption, in-apartment electricity consumption, common-building consumption, apartment building, lighting load

Regulatory documents in our country lack technically justified norms of specific annual electricity consumption in buildings. And without that it is not possible to compare the actual electricity consumption with regulated and expected, and to evaluate the energy efficiency of buildings based on the primary energy consumption, as it is done in most European and Northern American countries.

Efficient Level of Thermal Protection of Buildings Considering the Life Cycle Cost

G. P. Vasilyev, Doctor of Engineering, Head of the Center of Energy Conservation and Efficient Use of Nontraditional Energy Sources in Building Complex GUP NIIMosstroy, Research Coordinator of the Group of Innovation Companies (GIC) INSOLAR

V. A. Lichman, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, GUP NIIMosstroy

Keywords: life cycle cost, net discounted income, energy efficiency, thermal protection, environmental damages, energy supply, building envelope, energy conservation

The article offers a method of evaluation of economic feasibility of the level of thermal protection of building envelope based on evaluation of its life cycle cost. The method is based on the concept of net discounted income (NDI) from changes in the thermal protection of the building envelope. The article offers a possible scenario for improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings in Moscow presuming that energy savings from improvement of the energy efficiency of utility systems in residential buildings will be twice higher than the economy of funds from improvement of the thermal protection of the building envelope.

Economic Optimization of Buildings Thermal Protection

Keywords: thermal protection of buildings, heat insulation thickness, thermal energy, energy conservation

AVOK magazine No. 3, 2015, published article by I.N. Kovalev “Economic justification of thermal protection of buildings”, dedicated to the question of feasibility of improving the thermal protection of buildings and selection of thermal insulation thickness. Considering the importance of questions raised in the article, the editorial staff believed it is necessary to publish a review of this article.

On Regulatory Legal Acts that Govern Fire and Explosion Safety of Rooms and Buildings used for Construction of Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Networks

I. S. Taubkin, Candidate of Engineering, Chief Expert on Fires and Explosions of the Russian Federation Center of Forensic Investigations under the Ministry of Justice of Russia

Keywords: room, fire resistance limit; explosion, gas, regulating devices, pressure, ventilation, regulatory documents, fire and explosion safety

The article offers a critical analysis of the main provisions of regulatory documents on fire and explosion safety of rooms and buildings used for placement of technological equipment for gas pressure regulation and maintaining it within the set parameters in gas networks.

Displacement Ventilation in Non-production Buildings

Keywords: air handling unity, air quality, supply air, excess heat

Displacement ventilation systems continue interesting the industry specialists in our country and abroad. The principle of a displacement system operation based on air supply to the serviced area and removal of air and hot gases at the ceiling level is well known and is being used for hundreds of years in industrial facilities, mainly in heavy industry plants.

№ 7/2015

25^th Anniversary AVOK. Our Values

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, NP AVOK President

Keywords: AVOK, association, REHVA, ASHRAE, conference, webinar, workshop

In the autumn of this year AVOK will celebrate its 25^th anniversary. Read about the history of the organization’s growth in this article.

AVACES – Association of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Equipment Specialists

F. V. Tokarev, Chairman of the Association of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Equipment Specialists (AVACES)

Keywords: association, association task, membership

On the initiative of TC 061 “Ventilation and Air Conditioning” and a group of leading industry specialists a decision was made in the of 2014 to create an association that brings together organizations and specialists involved in development, production and operation of ventilation and air conditioning equipment to improve its energy efficiency. In March of 2015 the Ministry of Justice RF has registered the Association of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Equipment Specialists (AVACES).

Common Errors in the Thermal Protection and Energy Efficiency of Buildings Part of Design Documents

A. D. Zabegin, Head of the Buildings Energy Efficiency Sector of Moscow State Expertise, Government Expert Engineer

Keywords: expert evaluation, design documents, thermal protection of buildings, building energy efficiency indicators, energy efficiency category

The article looks at the most common mistakes made in the design documents in the part of thermal protection and energy efficiency indicators of buildings identified during the state expert evaluation stage.

Selection of Air Distribution Schemes inside Rooms

Keywords: air exchange, terminal unit, ventilation, supply grate, ceiling panels, diffuser

Selection of air distribution schemes affects the design solutions, energy and materials intensity of use in a ventilation system, possibility of effective achievement of regulated air parameters in working areas inside rooms.

How do you supply air inside to avoid draughts and dead-air areas, ensure uniform distribution of air temperature in a working (serviced) area, prevent overheating or overcooling of rooms, pollution of clean areas with hazardous emissions from the dirty ones? All these questions have to be considered in selection of an air exchange scheme and type of terminal units that directly supply air inside a room. At the end run, air distribution defines the consumer effect of a ventilation and air conditioning system operation.

Impact of Indoor Climate on Work Efficiency

By David P. Wyon, Ph.D., Member ASHRAE

Pawel Wargocki, Ph.D., Member ASHRAE

Keywords: indoor climate, work performance, СО₂, thermal comfort, sick building syndrome

AVOK magazine has published a number of articles dedicated to research of the indoor climate’s impact on work efficiency and human health. To expand this topic the editors publish an article by specialists with extensive experience in impact of the thermal comfort and indoor air quality on work efficiency of people. After a significant number of researches the authors have determined the main mechanisms involved in impact of the indoor climate parameters on the physical condition and efficiency of mental performance of people. The article presents answers to the most common questions.

Ensuring Sustainable Future through Reconstruction of the Past. Experience from Renovation of ASHRAE Headquarters

Michael R. Vaughn, P.E., Member Ashrae

Keywords: reconstruction, ventilation system, centralized control, air conditioning system, air quality, thermal comfort

Five years have passed since renovation of the ASHRAE headquarters by the time this article was written. Now it is time to look back and analyze the renovation process to understand, which solutions have proven themselves and what mistakes were made. This article is a short summary of the renovation results.

Complex “Federation Tower”. Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Cooling Systems of Tower "East"

I I. N. Smirnova, General Director of LLC Design Bureau “Rimax”

N. V. Shilkin, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute

M. N. Efremov, Engineer, NP AVOK

Keywords: high-rise complex, ventilation, air conditioning, cold supply

On Regulatory Legal Acts that Govern Fire and Explosion Safety of Rooms and Buildings used for Construction of Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Networks

I. S. Taubkin, Candidate of Engineering, Chief Expert on Fires and Explosions of the Russian Federation Center of Forensic Investigations under the Ministry of Justice of Russia

Keywords: room, fire resistance limit; explosion, gas, regulating devices, pressure, ventilation, regulatory documents, fire and explosion safety

Conference and Exhibition “Energy Efficient Moscow Region”

Keywords: AVOK, conference

Conference and Exhibition “Energy Efficient Moscow Region” took place in Krasnogorsk on 23–24 September of this year – the first regional forum dedicated to demonstration of energy efficient technologies and projects, discussion of priority methods of energy consumption optimization and attraction of investments in energy conservation.

REHVA General Assembly

Keywords: AVOK, REHVA, Cold Climate HVAC, conference

In this magazine issue we recall an event of European significance that took place on May 18-19, 2006, in Moscow – 49^th General Assembly of the Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations (REHVA), which hosted the V International Conference “Cold Climate HVAC”. NP AVOK was the organizer of this event.

№ 8/2015

Football Stadiums Rating System for FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia

Yu.A. Tabunschikov, NP ABOK President

Keywords: AVOK, rating system, football stadium

FIFA has approved the “Football Stadiums Rating Standard for FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia” developed by NP ABOK on order of the Ministry of Nature of Russia. The standard was developed with participation of “Russia-2018” FIFA organizing committee, LLC NPO TERMEK, Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy), Central Scientific Research and Experimental Design Institute for Industrial Buildings and Structures (CNIIPromzdaniy).

The standard was developed in line with FIFA requirements for assessment of newly designed, built and reconstructed FIFA World Cup 2018 stadiums for conformance to the sustainable development principles in Russia.

Selection of Air Distribution Patters inside Buildings

Keywords: air terminal unit, slot diffuser, air flowrate, swirl diffuser, jet diffuser, floor diffuser

The second part of the article looks at air terminal units for mixing ventilation. You can find the first part of the article in ABOK magazine No. 7, 2015.

Use of mechanical ventilation systems is residential buildings

Keywords: natural exhaust ventilation, mechanical ventilation system, exhaust air heat recuperation, air exchange

There are numerous known deficiencies in natural exhaust ventilation systems installed in mass-development residential buildings. In the recent years these deficiencies became more prominent as the air-tightness of buildings has improved, there are more synthetic finishing materials used and the requirements for the inside air quality became more stringent.

In this magazine issue the editorial staff publishes opinions of foreign and national specialists on feasibility of using mechanical ventilation systems in residential buildings.

Air Handling Units for Residential Buildings. European Certification Program Sylvain Courtey, Head of the Ventilation Department, Eurovent Certita Certification Delfine Salvador, Project Engineer, Eurovent Certita Certification

Keywords: air handling unit, ventilation system, air tightness of equipment, air flowrate, recuperation of exhaust air heat, energy efficiency

In 2014 Eurovent Certita Certification has published the first all-European certification program for residential air handling units (Residential Air Handling Units – RAHU). Six leading European manufacturers have participated in development of the certification program. The main documents regulating the certification process became the certification instruction and evaluation standard. The program is harmonized with the main EU documents on energy efficiency regulation.

On Linear (socialistic planned) and Non-linear (market) Economy Modelling: What are the Differences, How Significant are They and What are the Risks

I. N. Kovalev, Candidate of Engineering

Keywords: investment, production costs, operating costs, payback period, net income

High energy intensity of the domestic product in the country is not only economically detrimental, but also poses a threat to safety of the society, its living activities. The problem can be resolved by a great extent by reducing the DGP energy intensity by approximately 40% by 2020. This presumes huge investments in the energy conservation facilities, mainly from the budget funds (state capital investments). Investments of the business in energy conservation play a positive role, but this sector lack strict quantitative regulations, therefore entrepreneurship, stimulated only by income, does not play a decisive role in the process.

The article discusses direct state investments that have significant calculation-methodic differences compared to the business investments.

Heat Pump Heating and Cooling Systems – Design Experience

Keywords: heat pump systems, specific energy consumption, hybrid heat pump system, ground heat exchanger

The analysis of possible field of application of the technologies using non-conventional renewable energy sources shows that the most prospective area of their application in Russia is buildings’ life-support systems. And one of the most efficient areas for implementation of these technologies in the national building practice is use of heating heat pump systems that use the Earth’s surface ground layer potential as the heat source.

V.F. Gornov, Director of the Design Department of OJSC Insolar-Invest shares the experience in design of such systems.

Technical Assets Management

Henning Balck, Professor, Balck + Partner / IPS – Institute of Design Methods and Service Technologies, Heidelberg, Germany

Keywords: maintenance and repair, investments, life cycle of assets, service life, strategic components method

Ensuring Sustainable Future through Reconstruction of the Past. Experience from Renovation of ASHRAE Headquarters

Michael R. Vaughn, Member Ashrae

Keywords: reconstruction, ventilation system, centralized control, air conditioning system, air quality, thermal comfort

Moscow – Energy Efficient City

Keywords: ABOK, conference, forum, exhibition

XXXII Conference and Exhibition “Moscow – Energy Efficient City” took place in Moscow, bringing together extensive communication capabilities of a conference and demo exhibition space.

AVOK Celebrates its 25^th Anniversary

Keywords: ABOK, anniversary

On 29 October NP ABOK has celebrated its anniversary – 25 years since its creation.

AVOK members include national and foreign industry specialists and over 300 organizations – collective members. ABOK today – it’s 32 “Moscow – Energy Efficient City” Conferences and Exhibitions; over 100 conferences and seminars, over 200 master classes and webinars; over 70 standards and recommendations; 33 publications in the ABOK Technical Library series; magazines ABOK, Energy Conservation, Plumbing, High-tech Buildings e-magazine, online calculations for design, awards and professional training, and, of course, extensive international activities.

High-Rise Construction Forum

Keywords: ABOK, conference, high-rise construction, congress

2^nd International Forum on High-Rise Construction took place in Yekaterinburg in the new International Exhibition Center “Yekaterinburg-Expo”. 100+ Russia Forum is a professional international congress and exhibition dedicated to design, construction, financing and operation of high-rise and unique structures of any purpose. NP ABOK participates in the steering committee of the Forum and keeps regular contacts with the event organizers.

2014

1/2014

Energy-Efficient Buildings and Innovative Engineering Systems

Yu.A. Tabunschikov, President of the not-for-profit partnership NP «ABOK»

Key words: nergy efficiency, heat loss, exhaust air heat recovery, thermal protection of building, specific heat consumption

Reduction of energy consumption in the construction industry primarily in the housing and utilities sector is one of the priorities designed to increase the energy and environmental efficiency of the Russian economy. The article addresses the basic engineering and construction solutions to meet the challenge.

In 2008 the presidential decree No 889 set the task to reduce the energy intensity of GDP by at least 40% by 2020 compared to 2007. In 2011, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No 18 established that by 2020 the specific annual heat and ventilation consumption should be reduced by 40%. However until the present we are not familiar with any extensive research to reach the president’s and government’s targets in the design, renovation and major repairs of buildings. The study presents engineering and construction solutions to not only achieve the targets but also surpass them.

Engineering Systems of Low-Rise Buildings.

Part 1. Heat Supply

Key words: heating, single-loop boiler, double-boiler, expansion tank, circulating pump

Housing construction is an attractive area of investment. A substantial portion of the residential development accounts for low-rise houses. Modern engineering technologies allow for convenient and comfortable living in private houses. The first part of the article focuses on heating such houses.

Constant Performance of the Natural Ventilation Systems of Apartment Buildings

G.Ya. Volov, PhD in Technical Sciences, of the Double Liability Company ‘Energovent’ (Minsk)

Key words: natural ventilation, mathematical simulation, air exchange

It is well known that in recent years due to new requirements for the external enclosure of a building the stability of natural ventilation has decreased. The article presents a mathematical model for the natural ventilation system of a 9-story apartment building section and reviews the major cases of loss of stability of the system.

Energy and Economic Evaluation of the Systems for Atmospheric and Mechanical Cooling for Air-Conditioned Offices

E.G. Malyavina, Professor, PhD in Technical Sciences, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE or MGSU in the Russian abbreviation)

A.A. Frolova, MGSU

A.S. Silaev, MGSU

Key words: refrigerating machine, dry cooler, electricity, capital expenditures, operating costs, total discounted costs

The purpose of the article is to compare the energy and economic performances of the cooling systems in different typical sizes and with the transition from atmospheric cooling to the mechanical cooling at different outdoor temperatures.

Effect of External Aerodynamics on the Aeration Ventilation in Orthodox Churches

A.G. Kochev, D.Sc. in Engineering, Professor, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU)

M.M. Sokolov, Professor, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU),

Key words: aerodynamic factor, building aeration, air exchange

To study the heat and mass exchange on the inner surfaces of unique buildings and structures it is necessary to know the distribution of the velocity field and temperature on the inner surfaces of the building envelope, as well as the distribution of the aerodynamic coefficients on the outer surfaces of the enclosure structures.

Harmonisation of the Initial Data of the Russian Standards with the European Heat Consumption Calculation Standards Buildings

V.I. Livchak, PhD in Technical Sciences

Key words: heat load, internal heat gain, the total air-conditioned area

The volume of the internal heat gain from people, food preparation, lighting, use of electrical appliances and computers significantly impacts the energy consumed for heating and cooling of residential and public buildings. The article describes the data contained in ISO 13790:2008 to compensate for the unavailability in the Russian standards of specific values of the internal heat gain in public buildings depending on the purpose and mode of operation.

Green Building Rating Assessment

Yu.V. Miller, Engineer of the not-for-profit partnership NP’ABOK’

Key words: building rating system, the quality of habitat, ecology, energy conservation, energy efficiency

The article gives an example of evaluation of a multi-storey residential building under Class A in accordancethe standard system of the National Association of Builders STO NOSTROY 2.35.4-2011 ‘Green construction’. Residential and public buildings. Rating system for evaluation of human environment sustainability’.

Efficient Air Conditioning System of a Hospital

O.Ya. Kokorkin, D.Sc. in Engineering, Professor, Open Joint Research Institute of Sanitary Engineering

Key words: air conditioning, air distribution unit, supply air, heat emission, air exchange

The arrangements for air exchange, efficient ventilation systems and air conditioning, and proper operation of those systems directly have a direct effect on the quality of ambient air in health care institutions. The article provides an example of an effective air conditioning system operated for the cardiology department of the hospital No 3 ‘War Veterans’ in Moscow.

«Rossiya» (Russia) Park: Concept Choice

On 20 December 2013 the second meeting of the expert board and the contest committee for the selection of the winner and finalists of the international competition for the design and financial model of the theme park «Rossiya» (Russia).

December Master Classes

The material focuses on two master classes of ABOK which took place in December. The first one, ‘Design of Smoke Ventilation. Clarification of Existing Regulations’ was held in Moscow, and a master class on the energy saving features in the design was held in Tyumen.

Forgotten Names. Ivan Ustinovich Tsyganenko

A. Yu. Gusev, Associate Professor of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE or in the Russian abbreviation MGSU)

A.E. Elkhovsky, Associate Professor of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

A.A. Malysheva, Assistant Professor of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Key words: heating, ventilation, Ivan Ustinovich Tsyganenko

In November 2015 there will be the 100th anniversary of the death of Ivan Tsyganenko. This material is dedicated to the memory of the Russian scientist.

№ 2/2014

Modern Heat Supply in Russia: Systematic Approach and Proper Planning

V. G. Semenov, President of NP «Rossiyskoye teplosnabzheniye»

Keywords: heat supply, energy conservation, heat supply arrangement, heat transfer media, tariff

Interview with President of NP «Rossiyskoye teplosnabzheniye» Victor Germanovich Semenov. In the recent years law No. 190-FZ «On heat supply» dd. 27 July 2010 has significantly influenced the status of legal basis of economic relations in thermal energy production, transmission and consumption, as well as creation, functioning and development of the heat supply systems. Specialists of noncommercial partnership «Rossiyskoye teplosnabzheniye» took an active part in development of this law.

Engineering Systems of Low-Rise Buildings. Part 2. Climate control systems

A. L. Naumov, Vice President of NP «AVOK», General Director of LLC «NPO Termtek»

Keywords: convector, radiator, floor heating system, two-pipe heating system, supply ventilation system, mechanical exhaust ventilation

The second part of the article discusses heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of individual homes that ensure comfortable living.

Air Distribution in Residential and Public Buildings

M. N. Efremov, engineer, NP «AVOK»

Keywords: air change, air distributor, ventilation, mixing ventilation, displacement ventilation, diffuser

Air mobility is one of the most important parameters affecting the human’s wellbeing. The article presents examples of various air flow schemes inside rooms that are useful for understanding of the ventilation processes.

Control of Thermoactive Building Floor Heating and Cooling Systems

M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute

Keywords: thermoactive floor heating and cooling systems, thermoactive floor, temperature sensor, mathematical model of the room thermal mode

In the recent decades the global construction industry is experiencing a stable tendency to use massive concrete structures of the building itself for heating and cooling. The article presents various control methods for thermoactive floor heating and cooling systems.

Calculation of Variable Hydraulic Working Mode of Water Heating System

L. M. Mahov, Professor, Candidate of Engineering, FBGOU VPO «MGSU»

S. M. Usikov, FBGOU VPO «MGSU»

Keywords: heating system, hydraulic calculation, heat transfer media, heat losses, heat delivery of heating appliances

The article looks at the problems with the modern approach to calculation and selection of the equipment for the building two-pipe water heating system using an ordinary room with a heating appliance installed as an example.

Power and economic assessment of systems to free and machine cooling for conditioned office rooms

E. G. Malyavina, Professor, Candidate of Engineering, FBGOU VPO «MGSU»

A. A. Frolova, FBGOU VPO «MGSU»

A. S. Silaev, FBGOU VPO «MGSU»

Keywords: refrigerating machine, dry cooler, electricity, capital expenditures, operating costs, total discounted costs

The second part of the article gives comparison of economic indicators of various cooling plant options.

Information Security and Overvoltage Protection in BACnet networks

Hans R. Kranz, VDI member

Keywords: networks security, BACnet, authorization, key, automatic building management system

Strict requirements are set for the reliability of equipment installed inside a building, including for network security and overvoltage protection. This means that each construction project requires development of a complex Automatic Building Management System (ABMS) concept. In the proposed material the author discusses the problems with ensuring protection of BACnet networks.

Protection of the Environment from HVAC Systems’ Equipment Noise Impact

V.P. Gusev, Head of the laboratory of Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences

Keywords: acoustic calculations, noise absorption, air noise, aerodynamic noise, structural noise

In spite of the importance of acoustic calculations, until recently there really were no documents suitable for their performance. This gap was eliminated at the end of the last year with publication of guide «Noise absorption calculation and design for ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems». The article addresses the main points of this publication.

Aron Mihailovich Shklover. Biographical Sketch

Keywords: theory explaining building heat transfer, theory heat resistance, periodic thermal impact.

The article is dedicated to Aron Mihailovich Shklover – author of the theory explaining building heat transfer and heat resistance under periodic thermal impact.

№ 3/2014

Road Map of Green construction in Russia: Problems and Growth Perspectives

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Associate Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Science, President of NP «AVOK»

Keywords: green construction, rating system, road map, energy efficiency, ecology

Green construction is the most important direction of the global construction industry and is a systematic extension of energy efficient and environmental friendly buildings. Now is the time to combine efforts of organizations interested in construction of green buildings and to develop the road map of green construction in Russia.

Atrium HVAC Systems

M. M. Brodach, Candidate of Engineering, Professor, Moscow Architecture Institute

M. N. Efremov, engineer, NP «AVOK»

Keywords: atrium, stratification, HVAC systems air quality, air distribution

Atriums offer a very popular architectural concept for construction and reconstruction of buildings. They give the feeling of free space and light, are the ideal place for meetings, rest, organization of service enterprises, exhibition spaces and therefore give the building additional functional qualities. All this imposes special requirements on the atrium climate control systems.

Specifics of Restroom Exhaust Systems Design for Bathrooms in Public Buildings

N. A. Shonina, Senior Lecturer at the Moscow Architecture Institute

Keywords: exhaust ventilation, bathroom, supply and exhaust stimulating ventilation, exhaust grille, air duct

From the first look it seems, that designing such a simple system as exhaust ventilation of restrooms in public buildings should not pose any difficulties. However there is a number of practical features that should be taken into account during design.

Legionella: Safety Measures for Design and Operation of Building Utility System

M. N. Efremov, Engineer, NP AVOK

Keywords: Legionella, bacterial contamination, air conditioning system, hot water supply, evaporative cooling tower

Problems related to possibility of occurrence and dissemination of Legionella require attention of designers and engineers on all stages of the building design, construction and operation. The threat comes from the utility systems and networks inside the building, as well as outside the building.

Efficiency of Air heat Pumps in the Conditions of Perm Kray

A. A. Grishkov, Candidate of Engineering, Assistant Professor FGBOU VPO “Perm National Research Polytechnic University”

Keywords: heat pump, bivalent temperature, energy consumption, efficiency, pay-back period

The article gives assessment of energy and economic efficiency of heat supply systems based on heat pumps that use the heat of atmospheric air. Recommendations are provided on selection of bivalent temperature during the design of heat pump system.

Efficient Use of Waste Heat in industrial Enterprises

A. S. Rubtsov, General Director of LLC Vent-Design

Keywords: recuperation of waste heat from exhaust air, supply air, rotor recuperator

Technological processes in many enterprises are accompanied by large heat emissions. Recuperation of waste heat from the exhaust air allow for significant reduction or even elimination of costs on heating of outside supply air, reducing the cost of production and consumption of energy resources by the enterprise. This article describes application of this technology using the production building of a pharmaceutical company as an example.

Mathematical Model of Smoke Duct Temperature Mode

A. B. Mironov, Candidate of Engineering, Technical Director at CJSC Centrgasservice

M. Yu. Elagin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Tula State University

Keywords: smoke duct, chimney, thermo-technical calculation, smoke gases, heat generating plant

Smoke chimneys designed for extraction of gases away from heat-generating plant and their dilution in the atmosphere are considered complex specialized engineering facilities. Reliability, strength and long service life of these structures influences uninterrupted operation of equipment and plants connected to them, provision of heat for industrial facilities, as well as residential buildings. The article offers a mathematical model of the temperature mode that has direct influence on the reliability of smoke chimney.

Assessment of Noise Impact on the Environment from Ventilation Equipment installed in Open Spaces

V. P. Gusev, Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of RAASN

V. I. Ledenev, Tambov State Technical University

Keywords: noise, acoustic calculations, ventilation equipment, linear noise source, flat noise source

Optimal protection from ventilation equipment noise from the acoustics and economy perspective is not possible without sufficiently precise acoustic calculations. The article offers methods that take into consideration equipment position, character, conditions of noise radiation and distribution into the environment.

Information Security and Overvoltage Protection in BACnet networks

Hans R. Kranz, VDI member

Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, interference, EMC-protection, interference resistance, arrester

The second part of the article looks into the problems of electromagnetic compatibility and protection of the building automation system components from overvoltage.

About Switching to Two-level Higher Education System in Heat, Gas and Water Supply

L.M. Mahov, Candidate of Engineering, Heating and Ventilation Department Professor, FGBOU VPO MGSU

O.D. Samarin, Candidate of Engineering, Assistance Professor, FGBOU VPO MGSU

Keywords: education standard, bachelors degree, master’s degree program, two-level higher education system

Starting with 2011 universities in the Russian Federation are enrolling students for bachelor’s and master’s degree programs pursuant to the Federal State Education Standard of the 3^rd generation (FGOS-3). About three years have passed since that time and, therefore, in the next, 2015^th year we are expecting graduation of first FGOS-2 bachelors. This article is dedicated to the results of new standard application and experience with its implementation.

№ 4/2014

New HVAC Century-Problems and Perspectives

Dott. Ing. Alessandro Sandelewski, C.Eng, FCIBSE, MASHRAE, LEED GA, ASC Engineering Srl, Milan

Keywords: green building, rating estimation, sustainability in building construction, heat pump, renewable energy

This paper addresses the key issues facing the HVAC designer today. Building services must not only be energy efficient, but also sustainable; they must respect the environment and use renewable energy as much as possible. After an overview of the current codes and bye-laws, some modern system solutions are briefly examined, with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally the issue of sustainability is considered, with a brief mention of the most currently used certification protocols.

Energy Efficient Buildings – Complex Solution for Heating, Ventilation and Hot Water Systems

V. L. Granovskiy, Candidate of Engineering, Technical Director LLC Danfoss

Keywords: energy efficiency, vertical single-pipe heating system, vertical double-pipe heating system, horizontal heating system, recuperation of exhaust air heat

The practice of design, construction and reconstruction of energy efficient buildings indicates a certain accent on the activities to improve the building thermal protection without the proper attention to the energy conservation potential that utility systems have.

The article uses a middle segment building with traditional technical solutions as an example to evaluate the energy conservation potential of the building utility systems.

Features of the National Operation

Key words: building operation, dispatch control, automation system, building utility systems

Building life cycle equal to dozens, and sometimes hundreds of years. Design, construction, installation of utility systems takes months or years, while operation continues for the entire building service life, and its quality has great impact on the service life duration and quality of the building itself and its users.

The magazine’s editorial staff interviewed expert in operation of buildings and houses, candidate of Engineering, Alexander Vasilyevich Golovachev.

New Regulatory Documents NOSTROY

A. N. Kolubkov, Vice President NP AVOK, Director PPF AK

Keywords: code of rules, design, high-rise building, heat supply system, ventilation system, air conditioning system

The article discusses the main provisions of interstate code of rules "Utility systems of high-rise buildings” which is currently being prepared for publication. The main attention in this document is given to design of building heat supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and cooling systems.

Thermal Comfort with Radiant Panel Heating

N. A. Shonina, Engineer, Senior Lecturer in the Moscow Architecture Institute

Keywords: radiant heating and cooling system, thermal comfort, climatic beams, heat losses, radiant heat exchange, convectional heat exchange

Radiant heating and cooling systems have always drawn attention of specialists, however they gained special popularity in the last years due to the energy saving and inside microclimate quality improvement problems. Available literature does not contain sufficient amount of primary source data on requirements for thermal comfort when using radiant heating and cooling systems. And these are the requirements that the article is dedicated to.

Climate Equipment in Russia: trends and forecasts

Keywords: climate equipment, VRE system, chiller, fancoil

Interview with an independent expert, Director of Litvinchuk Marketing company Georgiy Gannadyevich Litvinchuk is dedicated to the current situation in the Russian climate equipment market.

National Green Technologies Implementation Strategy

Keywords: green construction, ecology, energy conservation

On 2 April 2014 the Committee on Housing Policy and Utility Services of the State Duma held a round table on "Preparation of the project “National Strategy for Implementation Energy resources and Environmentally Friendly (green) Technologies and Productions in Construction and Housing and Utilities Complex”

How to Preserve Priceless Old Buildings

V. A. Brosalin, Candidate of Engineering, Associate professor in Saint-Petersburg Higher Military Engineering and Construction School

V. D. Korkin, Candidate of Engineering, Associate professor in Saint-Petersburg Institute of Arts, Sculpture and Architecture of I.E. Repin.

Keywords: building reconstruction, microclimate, temperature and moisture conditions, microclimate parameters

The authors are discussing specifics of air conditioning systems design in ancient buildings and structures being reconstructed, temperature and moisture conditions in such buildings and preferable principles of microclimate stabilization.

REHVA 58^th General Assembly

Keywords: REHVA, general assembly, main areas of activities

Annual general assembly of REHVA took place on 28-30 April 2014 in Dusseldorf (Germany). Union of German engineers VDI was the organizer or the event.

April Events of AVOK

Keywords: AVOK, conference, master-class

Two NP AVOK conferences took place in April of this year in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg: XVI Conference «Efficient heating, ventilation, air conditioning and heat supply systems» and II AVOK Educational Conference and Exhibition «Experience in design, technical solutions and equipment of energy efficient building utility systems».

The conferences were accompanied by AVOK master-classes.

№ 5/2014

Green Standards for Sport Arenas

A. L. Naumov, Vice President NP AVOK, General Director OOO NPO TERMEK

Keywords: green construction, rating system, sport facility, demand controlled ventilation, energy content, air exchange

Without exaggerating, one can say that green construction became the leading trend in the economy of technically developed countries. Green standards were developed as indicators of the quality of life, sustainability of the living environment, environment protection, protection and preservation of nature for today’s and future generations. An important role in convergence of the green construction concepts plaid the sports. Sports facilities fall in the category of public buildings and structures but have a number of significant unique features that have found their reflection in the green standards. The article describes this situation in details.

Innovative Technologies at Olympic Infrastructure Facilities

Keywords: NP AVOK, congress-tour

Sightseeing congress-tour “Innovative Technologies at Olympic Infrastructure Facilities” took place in Sochi on 25–28 June 2014. The tour included demonstrations of the engineering solutions implemented in the facilities built for the XXII Winter Olympics and XI Paralympic Games in Sochi.

Best National and Foreign Energy Efficient Engineering Systems

A. L. Naumov, Candidate of Engineering, General Director OOO NPO TERMEK

D. V. Kapko, Leading Engineer at OOO NPO TERMEK

Keywords: energy efficiency, energy efficiency category, energy efficiency value assessment criteria

Energy efficient building is a product of joint efforts of architects, designers and engineers that brings together the optimal form and orientation of buildings with high level of thermal protection of the building envelope and energy saving engineering systems with energy generation elements. Engineering systems, in turn, are based on energy efficient engineering equipment.

A proposal was made in USA to publish annual Top-10 – 10 most energy efficient engineering technologies that are recommended for consideration in the priority order during design and construction of buildings. This article discusses similar national recommendations developed by the specialists from OOO NPO TERMEK.

Features of the National Operation

Key words: building operation, dispatch control, automation system, building utility systems

The magazine’s editorial staff interviewed expert in operation of buildings and houses, candidate of Engineering, Alexander Vasilyevich Golovachev.

Application of Clean Room Technology in surgery room and semiconductors production rooms

A. P. Borisoglebskaya, Assistant Professor and Moscow State Civil Engineer

Keywords: clean room, hospital acquired infection, cleanliness category, laminar flow, air distributor

This article analyzes studies of air conditions in clean rooms. A comparison is made of the conditions of provision and monitoring air environment in medical and industrial clean rooms. A hospital surgery room and a semiconductors production clean room were taken as a specific example for investigation of air and microbiological modes.

Energy Saving Ventilation Systems in Industrial Buildings

O. Ya. Kokorin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at Moscow State Civil University

S. V. Naberezhnev, Head of the Design Group

Keywords: ventilation system, exhaust air heat recuperation, recuperator, heat exchanger, displacement ventilation

Thermal energy consumption in industrial buildings is dozens of times higher than in residential and public buildings or the identical size. The article presents the principal system that uses heat from the treated air in the process cycle and allows for reduction of the thermal energy consumption for supply air preheating by up to 100%.

Sun Shading Devices: European and Russian Regulatory Practices

A. V. Spiridonov, Candidate of Engineering, Head of Laboratory of the Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Science

I. L. Shubin, Doctor of Engineering, Director of the Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Science

V. I. Rimshin, Doctor of Engineering, Director of the Institute of Housing and Community Complex of the Moscow State Civil University

S. A. Semin, Graduate Student at the Institute of Housing and Community Complex of the Moscow State Civil University

Keywords: sun shading device, thermal comfort, heat gains, building thermal balance

One of the most common methods of providing thermal and visual comfort inside buildings is use of various sun shading devices that vary in installation locations, orientation of fins, control methods, materials used and other functional parameters. According to the article authors, wide-scale implementation of sun shading devices in our country requires, first of all, development of regulatory documents on application of such devices in the construction.

Improvement of Thermal Comfort in Production Buildings of Locomotive Depots

N. G. Volkova, Candidate of Engineering, Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Science

Keywords: radiant heating, electrical panels, thermal comfort, locomotive depot, workplaces

The article presents the results of studies in improvement of the thermal comfort of workplaces in a locomotive depot using electrical panel heaters.

Polypropylene Pipes. Overview of the Key Parameters of Conformity to GOST 52134–2003

A.N. Goncharik, Technical Specialist at Ego Engineering company

Keywords: polypropylene pipes, fitting, labeling, acceptance tests

Today polypropylene pipes in the Russian market are represented by a huge number of national and foreign manufacturers. The main goal of the article is to draw the specialists’ attention to the main provisions of production and testing of polypropylene pipes regulated by standards GOST R 52134–2003 “Pressure pipes made of thermoplastic and connection elements for them for water supply and heating systems. General specifications.” Compliance with this standard is mandatory.

Energy service operations and energy inspections. Problems and solutions

Keywords: energy service, energy audit, conference, NP AVOK

Conference dedicated to the problems in the energy service operations took place in May 2014. The conference covered mechanisms of implementation of the energy service contracts.

№ 6/2014

Searching for the Truth

Yu. A. Tabunschikov, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences

Keywords: thermal protection of buildings, building envelope resistance to heat transfer, heating period degree-days

Development of a method for regulation of the thermal protection of buildings is a difficult task that requires a systematic approach. The article discusses the problems encountered in the modern construction regulation.

Operation of the Building Utility Systems: Expert’s Opinion

Keywords: building operation, building operation service, operating costs

The issues related to operation of the utility systems of buildings and structures are getting more and more attention today. The quality of operation is one of the key factors defining the duration and quality of life of the building itself, as well as its users.

The editorial staff of the magazine offers its readers the opinion on this matter from the Chairman of the Board of Self-Regulating Organization “ISZS-Montage”, Merited Builder of Russia Alexey Vladimirovich Busahin.

About High Performance Factor of Fans and Efficiency of Ventilation Systems

V. G. Karadzhi, Candidate of Engineering, Consultant on Scientific Research for LLC “INNOVENT”

Yu. G. Moskovko, Candidate of Engineering, Consultant on Scientific Research for LLC “INNOVENT”

Keywords: maximum fan performance factor, fan performance factor in working mode, ventilation system, ventilation system efficiency

The article discusses the main factors that affect the aerodynamic efficiency of a ventilation system.

Application of Clean Room Technology in surgery room and semiconductors production rooms

A. P. Borisoglebskaya, Assistant Professor and Moscow State Civil Engineer

Keywords: clean room, hospital acquired infection, cleanliness category, laminar flow, air distributor

Specifics of Heating and Ventilation Systems Design in Fitness Clubs

N. A. Shonina, Lecturer at Moscow Institute of Architecture

Keywords: ventilation system, heating system, heat emissions, moisture emissions, relative air humidity

More and more fitness-clubs are opening in the recent years. The article discusses the specifics of heating and ventilation systems design for fitness-clubs that ensure the microclimate parameters required for productive sport exercises.

Express Assessment of the Efficiency of Energy Saving Solutions

Keywords: express assessment, energy saving solution, thermal input

NP AVOK specialists have developed new software – “Express Assessment of the Efficiency of Energy Saving Solutions”, that allows for prompt assessment of contribution from a specific energy saving solution in the reduction of heat consumption of your building. The detailed information is given in this article.

Influence of Radiant and Convective Air Cooling Systems on the Room Thermal Comfort

Risto Kosonen, Halton Oy and Aalto University

Panu Mustakallio, Halton Oy

Zhecho Bolashikov, Danish Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering

Kalin Kostov, Danish Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering

Sona Kolencikova, Danish Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering

Arsen K. Melikov, Danish Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering

Keywords: radiant cooling, convective cooling, room temperature, thermal comfort

When selecting an air cooling system a designer might have some concerns: can the given solution become the source of zones of discomfort in the room? In order to determine the influence of various cooling systems on the people inside a room the specialists of the Microclimate research center of the energy faculty of Danish Technical University carried out researches, and their results are presented in the publication.

Heat Pumps: Problems and Perspectives

Keywords: heat pump, monovalent heat pump, bivalent heat pump, heat transfer media, coefficient of transformation

Just recently a heat pump was viewed mainly as a unit or a system designed mainly for cooling of air, and also capable of supplying a certain heating capacity. In reality the purpose of this equipment is changing rapidly, and in many European countries the heat pump has switched its priorities: first of all – heat demand, and only after that – cooling. Moreover, heat pumps are already frequently being used only for heating.

Dome Stadiums: how it all began

Keywords: dome stadium, air conditioning system

The material gives brief description of the objectives that were achieved during the design and construction of the first in the world large-span roofed football stadium over 200 m in diameter – Houston Astrodome, built in 1965.

Design of the Air Conditioning System for Dome Stadium

I. A. Naman, Professional Engineer, Honorable/Life Member of ASHRAE

Keywords: dome stadium, air conditioning system

The article offers methods applied in solving the problems related to air conditioning of roofed Houston Astrodome stadium.

№ 7/2014

Why do office buildings overheat and what to do?

V. I. Livchak, Candidate of Engineering

Keywords: heat losses, heat gains, heat carrier temperature fluctuation schedule, heating system, ventilation system

Even during negative outside temperature many office buildings experience overheating of rooms and, thus, activation of the cooling systems. The article talks about the reasons and methods of avoiding such discomfort and enhancement of the energy efficiency of the office buildings ventilation and heating systems.

Smoke protection in questions and answers

Keywords: smoke protection, smoke exhaust ventilation, air overpressure, airlocks, smoke removal

In this section head of the fire resistant equipment and smoke protection unit of the fire resistant building structures and engineering equipment department of FGBU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia B.B. Kolchev answer to the specialists’ questions related to fire safety and engineering systems used for fire protection of the buildings.

Longitudinal reversal ventilation of enclosed and underground parking

A. P. Volkov, Candidate of Engineering, SC “SZ Center AVOK”

A. V. Sverdlov, General Director LLC “Flakt Industrial & Building Systems”

Keywords: longitudinal reversal ventilation, parking, smoke exhaust ventilation

The article presents the advantages of longitudinal ventilation system using air jets. Such system is a simple and energy efficient solution for modern enclosed and underground multilevel parking lots.

Building dust removal system

T. S. Shubina, Candidate of Engineering

N. A. Shonina, Senior lecturer at Moscow Institute of Architecture

Keywords: dust, centralized dust removal system, vacuum dust removal system, combined dust removal system, decentralized dust removal system

Organized room dust removal system helps in removing suspended dust from a room but does not get rid of the dust settled on the floor and objects inside the room.

Cleaning of a room from small garbage and dust can be done by either portable domestic vacuum cleaner or centrally with a vacuum dust removal system. The article discusses this system.

Thermal comfort, user behavior and energy efficiency

Keywords: thermal comfort, energy efficiency, adaptive approach

Eight Windsor Conference “Calculation of the cost of comfort in the changing world” took place in April 2014. One of the seminars of the conference included discussion of the questions related to the thermal comfort and user behavior, especially in buildings with cooling systems with low energy consumption. The material presents the results of this seminar.

Dependence of the inside air quality in school classrooms on the air exchange method

Jie Gao, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, P.R.China

Pawel Wargocki, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Yi Wang, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, P.R.China

Keywords: school, classroom, ventilation system, air exchange, inside air temperature, carbon dioxide

The main goal of classroom ventilation is creation of the inside environment conditions reducing the probability of pupils’ health problems and minimizing the possible discomfort that negatively affects the educational process.

Specialists from the Danish Technical University conducted studies in one of the Danish schools to collect data about the efficiency of various ventilation methods and their impact on the inside air parameters in classrooms. Results of the inside air parameters measurement in classrooms equipped with various ventilation systems made during this study are presented in the article.

Compatibility of hew air-tight window blocks and the existing ventilation system. Problems and solutions

A. B. Nevzorova, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, UO “Byelorussia State University of Transport” (UO “BelGUT”)

A.V. Samsonov, OAO «SMT № 27»

Keywords: energy efficiency, air-tight windows, ventilation, infiltration

Transition to air-tight windows in mass residential construction, just as replacement of old windows with new ones by the apartment owners, along with such positive factors as reduction of heat losses and improvement of the acoustic characteristics resulted in deterioration of the inside air conditions in rooms with traditional natural ventilation systems.

The article offers comparative analysis of different windows in thermo-technical characteristics performed in UO “BelGUT”. The analysis shows that failure to take into consideration changes in the air conditions of rooms after installation of new air-tight windows and available natural ventilation systems in old buildings is a reasons for violation of the air exchange and, as a result, of the inside microclimate.

Complex air treatment devices for gas pumping units

N.K. Galantsev, General Director CJSC “Multifilter”

Keywords: complex air treatment devices, gas pumping units, multistage air treatment, filter, dust collector

Gas pumping units, consisting of a compressor and gas turbine engine, are widely used for natural gas transportation along main lines. This article discusses the modern construction of complex air treatment device for gas pumping units of compressor plants.

Possibility to reduce contamination with hospital inspection inside surgery rooms

O.Ya. Kokorin, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Moscow State Construction

N.V. Tovaras, Candidate of Engineering, General Director NPO “HIMHOLODSERVICE”

Keywords: hospital inspection, air exchange, supply air, recirculation air, air conditioning system

The article discusses air exchange organization inside hospitals that principally differ from the ones accepted in the international design practice and allowing for, in the authors’ opinions, reduction of spreading of hospital infections inside hospital wards and surgery rooms.

№ 8/2014

Global trends in HVAC: experts’ opinion

Keywords: energy efficiency, microclimate quality, hybrid ventilation system, automation of utility systems, heat recuperation, decentralized energy supply system

Two day summit of EU leaders took place in October of 2014 where the climate and energy strategy until 2030 was accepted. The strategy calls for the following:

- increase in the share of renewable energy in the total EU energy consumption until 27% minimum by 2030 from the current approximately 14%;

- reduction of the carbon dioxide emissions in EU by 40% by 2030 as compared to 1990 level;

- increase in the energy efficiency by 27% compared to the current level.

Achievement of all these objectives mainly depends on development of the heating and ventilation equipment. The magazine’s editorial has contacted Russian and foreign experts and asked them to identify dominating areas of the HVAC industry that define the development vector in the industry.

Ventilation efficiency and age of air

Keywords: ventilation system, air exchange efficiency, air exchange rate

The foreign practice uses such parameter as age of air. Its value describes the time for replacement of air inside a room and serves as a criterion for assessment of the quality of the ventilation system’s operation. The ventilation efficiency should by assessed during the early design stage, as a forecast, and during the operation stage.

Express-assessment of the efficiency of energy saving solutions

Keywords: express-assessment, energy saving, heat consumption

NP AVOK has developed “Express-assessment of the efficiency of energy saving solutions” methodology that allows for prompt evaluation of the contribution to reduction of heat consumption for heating, ventilation and cooling of a specific building of a wide range of energy saving solutions during the design period.

Energy use in buildings: analysis and evaluation methods

Shuqin Chen, Research Center of Green Building and New Energy, Shanghai, China

Hiroshi Yoshino, Department of architecture and building science, Tohoku University, Japan

Keywords: energy use, monitoring, data collection.

One of the most significant barriers for achieving the goal of substantially improving energy efficiency of buildings is the lack of knowledge about the factors determining the energy use.

Air quality in passenger terminals of airports

Keywords: pollutant, hazards, filtration, air exchange

International Association of Air Transport (IATA) is registering growth in the global passenger traffic. This will lead to problems in logistics and increase in the number of delayed flights. Therefore passengers will have to spend more time inside airports. This circumstance increases the requirements for the microclimate quality inside passenger terminals.

Decontamination of air in HVAC systems of public buildings

V. V. Yakimenko, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Technological Direction of NPO LIT

Keywords: decontamination of air, ultraviolet decontamination, sanitary and epidemiological safety, microbiological air pollution, recirculation of air

People spend most of their life inside buildings (60 to 85% of the total time according to some data). Therefore the questions related to ensuring sanitary and epidemiological safety play an important role in construction and reconstruction of buildings. Sickness rate that depends on the microbiological contamination of inside environment remains high today. Most of the pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted by air. This problem is especially acute in places with high density of people – industrial and public buildings. One of the most promising technologies for ensuring safety of air environment by microbiological indicators for reduction of risks of spearing of infections accepted in the global and national practice is decontamination of air using ultraviolet radiation.

Efficient recuperation of heat in foundries

A. S. Rubtsov, General Director of LLC Vent-Design

Keywords: heat recuperation, general exchange ventilation system, rotor recuperator, I-d diagram, energy efficiency

Numerous industrial enterprises in Russia include a number of production facilities that consume significant energy resources, including heat and electricity. As a result, large consumption of energy resources leads to a significant contribution to the final cost of the production, obviously reducing the competitive advantages of certain products. This article discusses foundries, including casting floors and full-scale rolling floors.

Demonstration of engineering arts and innovative technologies

Keywords: NP AVOK, forum, conference

XXXI conference and exhibition “Moscow – Energy Efficient City” took place in Moscow from 29 until 31 October.

The main goal of the forum – demonstration of implemented innovative energy efficient projects and equipment that have confirmed their energy efficiency on practice, as well as discussion of the priority methods of optimization of energy consumption of various buildings, taking into consideration improvement of the quality of their microclimate.

Beginning of the thermal stability theory

Yu.A. Tabunschikov, Doctor of Engineering, Professor at Moscow Architectural Institute

Keywords: thermal theory, thermal stability theory

A brief discussion of the history of thermal theory of building envelopes that was subsequently referred to as “thermal stability theory”.

Orest Evgenyevich Vlasov

A.Yu. Gusev, Assistant Professor, FGBOU VPO “Moscow State Civil University”

A.A. Malysheva, Senior Lecturer, FGBOU VPO “Moscow State Civil University”

Keywords: thermal theory, thermal stability theory

“Industry historical pages” column in this edition is dedicated to Orest Evgenyevich Vlasov – well-known Russian scientist who laid foundation for the thermo-technical theory of building envelope, subsequently referred to as “thermal stability theory”.

АВОК 8\2017

АВОК 7\2017

АВОК 6\2017

АВОК 5\2017

АВОК 4\2017

АВОК 3\2017

RF Construction Industry Status and Prospects

АВОК 2\2017

Reconstruction of Microclimate Creation and Maintenance Systems in Orthodox Temples

A. G. Kochev, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Nizhniy Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNSUACCE)

АВОК 1\2017

Efficient of Vertical Transport Operation in High-rise Buildings

2016

АВОК 8\2016

Smart carbon-free buildings and zero energy buildings

Multistory Residential Building in Krasnostudencheskiy proezd in Moscow

Code of Rules SP 253.1325800.2016 “High-rise Building Systems”

Problems with Operation and Verification of Supply and Exhaust Ventilation Systems in Laboratories Handling Pathogenic Microorganisms of III-IV Risk Group

Use of Air Decontamination Devices in Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems

Use of Chilled Beams in Reconstruction of Historical Buildings

Net Zero Energy For Pharmacy

RUSO – National Certification of Green Buildings

XXXIII Conference and Exhibition “Moscow – Energy Efficient City”

АВОК 7\2016

Modern Design: Problems and Perspectives

Reversal Jet Ventilation and Recuperation as a New Design Energy Efficient Concept for Large Multilevel Parking Lots

Apartment Building Energy Efficiency Class Determination Rules

Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems for Museum Rooms using the National Art Gallery in Yoshkar-Ola as an Example

Example of Jet Ventilation System Implementation in an Underground Parking Lot in the Republic of Kazakhstan

European Market of Heat Pumps

Determining the Minimum Outside Air Flowrate in Design of Ventilation Systems

Industrial Boilers in Heat Power Industry

Self-regulation of the Building Industry of Russia in the Wording of the Federal Law № 372-FZ: Comments Lawyer

АВОК 6\2016

АВОК 5\2016

АВОК 3\2016

Engineering Practices in Calculation of Heat Losses Deep Underground Basements through Building Envelope through Soil

D. S. Ivanov, Engineer

E. G. Malyavina, Ph. D., National Research Moscow Engineering and Construction University

АВОК 2\2016

New High-Rise Building Design Rules and Norms

Use of Directional Nozzles for Air Distribution in Air Conditioning Systems

Thermal Comfort for Men and Women – Feel the Difference

Adaptive Air Pressure System with Automatically Regulated Parameters

Overview of Draft Changes No. 1 to SP 7.13130.2013 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements”

Use of Quasimembranes for Measurement and Regulation of Air Flow in Systems with Quantitative Regulation

Energy Efficient Ventilation of Hot Shops in Public Catering Enterprises

Energy Conservation and Climatology

Principles of Construction of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat and Cold Supply Systems in Cultural Buildings

АВОК 1\2016

A building must think. New Year’s essay

Heating Systems – Modern Solutions

Supply and Exhaust Ventilation with Mechanical Excitation in Individual Residential Buildings: Problems, Mistakes, Solutions

Air Distribution in School Classrooms

Acoustic Сomfort: how to make a low-noise mechanical ventilation

Impact of Internal Heat Gains on Selection of Building Envelope and Volume-Spatial Solutions

Condition and Perspectives of Assessment of Conformity of buildings to the Fire Safety Requirements

Technical Assets Management

Association of Heating Radiator Manufacturers – Protection of Consumers from Low Quality and Unsafe Heating Appliances

AVOK Webinars – New Buildings Online

Principles of Construction of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat and Cold Supply Systems in Cultural Buildings

2015

№ 1/2015

Professional Engineers’ Union

Energy Efficient Solution for an Airport Ventilation System

СО2 – Ventilation Systems’ Efficiency Criterion

Smoke Exhaust Ventilation Systems

Air Flow Reverse in Longitudinal Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust in Underground and Covered Parking Lots

People, Passion, Performance. Inaugural Address of ASHRAE President

Energy use in buildings: analysis and evaluation methods

Acoustic Parameters of Flexible Air Ducts used in HVAC Systems

V.P. Gusev, Head of NIISPh RAASN Laboratory

M.Yu. Leshko, Senior Research Assistant, NIISPh

A.V. Sidorina, Senior Research Assistant, NIISPh RAASN

№ 2/2015

AVOK – 2015

Special Aspects of Applying the Requirements of Technical Regulations, Codes of Rules and Special Technical Regulations in Design of Smoke Exhaust Ventilation

AVOK Standard “Recommendations on Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems”

Design Phase Commissioning

Energy Efficiency and HVAC Systems in Existing and Historic Buildings

СО₂ – Ventilation Systems’ Efficiency Criterion

59^th REHVA General Assembly

25^th Anniversary AVOK. Our Values